Saari Mustapha

Rapid analysis of risk assessment using developed simulation of chemical industrial accidents software package

The environmental consequences are defined as consequences of accidental release of hazardous substances to the natural environment. This release can lead to many hazards depending on the material stored. The consequences of these hazards to the environment are widespread and have significant importance to human communities living in the surroundings. The mathematical models are extremely useful tools to predict the impacts of chemical process accidents. The objective of this paper is to develop a software package for accident simulation and damage potential estimation. The software is coded in visual basic and is compatible with windows working environments. The software is called Simulation of chemical industrial accident. This application is a comprehensive software package which can be integrated with geographical information system to predict and display the consequence of chemical hazards. The software is a user-friendly and effective tool for evaluating the consequences of major chemical accidents, process decision making for land-use planning, namely locating suitable hazardous installations, hazardous waste disposal areas and emergency response plan.

Grafting carbon nanotubes on glass fiber by dip coating technique to enhance tensile and interfacial shear strength

The effects of noncovalent bonding and mechanical interlocking of carbon nanotubes (CNT) coating on tensile and interfacial strength of glass fiber were investigated. CNT were coated over glass fiber by a simple dip coating method. Acid treated CNT were suspended in isopropanol solution containing Nafion as binding agent. To achieve uniform distribution of CNT over the glass fiber, an optimized dispersion process was developed by two parameters: CNT concentration and soaking time. CNT concentration was varied from 0.4 to 2mg/mL and soaking time was varied from 1 to 180 min. The provided micrographs demonstrated appropriate coating of CNT on glass fiber by use of CNT-Nafion mixture. The effects of CNT concentration and soaking time on coating layer were studied by performing single fiber tensile test and pull-out test. The obtained results showed that the optimum CNT concentration and soaking time were 1 mg/mL and 60 min, respectively, which led to significant improvement of tensile strength and interfacial shear stress. It was found that, at other concentrations and soaking times, CNT agglomeration or acutely curly tubes appeared over the fiber surface which caused a reduction of nanotubes interaction on the glass fiber.

Using geographic information systems in assessment of major hazards of liquefied petroleum gas

It is known that there are hazards associated with the storage, handling and use of liquefied petroleum gas. Storage process plants of dangerous substances define the set of risk sources. Release of chemical due to accident could be severe and poses an immediate effect to workers on‐site and communities off‐site as well as it causes adversely a potential effect on the environment. LPG is considered to be a very important fuel and chemical feed stock. The material has been involved in many major fires and explosions. This paper presents the most recent analysis techniques for evaluating several physical models. These models are used to calculate the physical effects of explosion and fire from LPG accidents and also to predict the affected area.

Chlorine incident and its toxic hazardous chemical release impact in the area surrounding a swimming‐pool using GIS

Chlorine is a liquefied gas, and is stored in large quantities for use in the chemical industry or in water treatment (e.g. the chlorination of swimming‐pool water). Chlorine is highly toxic and if released accidentally has the potential to kill or injure people in the vicinity of the storage tank. A geographic information system (GIS) is used to determine the impact of the release of chlorine from a tank in the area surrounding a swimming‐pool at the University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Spatial impact is determined using GIS software (GeoMedia Professional 5.1). Spatial analysis and buffering command are performed to locate affected residential areas near the UPM swimming‐pool. The findings mean that the affected residential area and its population can be evacuated more quickly and smoothly.

Design and Setup the Sampling System to Modify and Reduce the Deposition in Sampling Fluid Pipe Lines by Reducing the Pressure Drop

Corrosion and deposition in Refineries and Petrochemicals is becoming one of the most critical and serious obstacle, and also can cause reduce the efficiency, performance, and analysis accurate of industrial instrument such as turbines, power plants, boilers, and especially sampling tube lines, because of increasing the pressure drop due to build-up deposits. To limit and minimize these deposits in sampling pipe lines would be uses a specially sampling system that design and discuss in this article. This kind of sampling system includes: isokinetic sampling, rapid condensation and cooling, pressure reduction, and process indicators, as well as safety devices to protect online instruments and plant personnel. All in all, by increasing the outer and inner diameter of sampling tube lines, wall thickness, Reynolds number, and required sampling rate, the pressure drop of flowing sample is decreasing and also with increasing the volume annual, the amount of deposits are significantly reduce, because of decreasing the pressure drop.

Generating Electricity from Fluegas Produced By Boilers through a Thermodynamic ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) Driven by R245fa

In recent years, an increase in fossil fuel prices and imposing strict laws and regulations by environmental organizations have resulted in an increasing interest on the parts of researchers in oil industry to implement various projects to eliminate pollutants emitted by fluegas in order to achieved the desired standards. Today, different processes including heaters, furnaces, and boilers are used by different industries resulting in the production of a large volume of fluegas. The energy and heat wasted by these gases can be recovered even in low temperatures in order to be used in various processes such as preheating refinery fluid flows or generating electricity. ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) is a thermodynamic cycles used for generating electricity in the majority of plants and also in this article; furthermore, its function is similar to Karno cycle. In ORC thermodynamic cycle, superhot vapor of fluegas is first produced by a boiler and then it is sent to an evaporator then sent to a turbo-expander to produce electricity. Finally, the remaining vapor is condensed by an air cooler and it is sent back to the ORC thermodynamic cycle. ORC thermodynamic cycles are usually based on vapor working fluid fluids such as NOVEC7000, R123, R134a, and R245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), (employed in the present article) as the working fluid of ORC thermodynamic cycle.

Performance of Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System and Automatic Level Surveying for Height Determination - A Comparison

The purpose of the research was to determinevertical accuracy of RTK-GPS in comparing with automaticlevel surveying procedure as has been applied in the vicinity of the University Putra Malaysia campus. A comparison of the differences between the two methods indicates 95% confidence accuracy. The results obtained by this experiment indicated an accuracy of 0-10 centimeters in the measurement of elevation by RTK-GPS system. The result of the present work also indicated that the RTK-GPS system might be very useful in surveying work as carried out by topographers, engineers, and surveyors etc.

Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Designed Exclusively to Improve Generating Large-Scale Electricity Purpose

In present ORC thermodynamic cycle, R245fa, NOVEC700, and R141b as refrigerant working fluids sent to a Heat Exchanger then sent to an Expander to produce electricity, separately. Finally, the remaining working fluid is condensed by a Cooler and it is sent back to the ORC thermodynamic cycle. Current study conducted and analyzed the net power output of Expander, which R141b has a highest amount compare with R245fa, and NOVEC7000. The optimum pressure of working fluids at inlet of Expander has linear relationship with temperature of working fluids at inlet of Expander, with increasing the optimum pressure of working fluids at inlet of Expander, the temperature of working fluids at inlet of Expander is increasing slightly, and then net power Electricity of Expander is increasing, significantly. The efficiency of ORC and thermal efficiency for R245fa, NOVEC7000, and R141b measured at influence of inlet pressure of Expander differences which due to specific different inlet temperature of Expander. The highest, middle, and lowest of ORC efficiency belongs to the R245fa, R141b, and NOVEC7000, respectively. And the highest, middle, and lowest of thermal efficiency belongs to the R141b, NOVEC7000, and R245fa, respectively.