Saba Al-Rubaye

Next Generation Optical Access Network Using CWDM Technology

We are developing a novel technology for the next generation optical access network. The proposed architecture provides FTTX high bandwidth which enables to give out 10Gbit/s per end-user. Increasing the subscribers in the future will cause massive congestion in the data transferred along the optical network. Our solution is using the wavelength division multiplexing PON (CWDM-PON) technology to achieve high bandwidth and enormous data transmission at the network access. Physical layer modifications are used in our model to provide satisfactory solution for the bandwidth needs. Thus high data rates can be achieved throughout the network using low cost technologies. Framework estimations are evaluated to prove the intended model success and reliability. Our argument that: this modification will submit a wide bandwidth suitable for the future Internet.

Energy Efficiency using Cloud Management of LTE Networks Employing Fronthaul and Virtualized Baseband Processing Pool

The cloud radio access network (C-RAN) emerges as one of the future solutions to handle the ever-growing data traffic, which is beyond the physical resources of current mobile networks. The C-RAN decouples the traffic management operations from the radio access technologies, leading to a new combination of a virtualized network core and a fronthaul architecture. This new resource coordination provides the necessary network control to manage dense Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks overlaid with femtocells. However, the energy expenditure poses a major challenge for a typical C-RAN that consists of extended virtualized processing units and dense fronthaul data interfaces. In response to the power efficiency requirements and dynamic changes in traffic, this paper proposes C-RAN solutions and algorithms that compute the optimal backup topology and network mapping solution while denying interfacing requests from low-flow or inactive femtocells. A graph-coloring scheme is developed to label new formulated fronthaul clusters of femtocells using power as the performance metric. Additional power savings are obtained through efficient allocations of the virtualized baseband units (BBUs) subject to the arrival rate of active fronthaul interfacing requests. Moreover, the proposed solutions are used to reduce power consumption for virtualized LTE networks operating in the Wi-Fi spectrum band. The virtualized network core use the traffic load variations to determine those femtocells who are unable to transmit to switch them off for additional power savings. The simulation results demonstrate an efficient performance of the given solutions in large-scale network models.

Industrial Internet of Things Driven by SDN Platform for Smart Grid Resiliency

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a key enabling technology of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) that provides dynamic reconfiguration to improve data network robustness. In the context of smart grid infrastructure, the strong demand of seamless data transmission during critical events (e.g., failures or natural disturbances) seems to be fundamentally shifting energy attitude toward emerging technology. Therefore, SDN will play a vital role on energy revolution to enable flexible interfacing between smart utility domains and facilitate the integration of mix renewable energy resources to deliver efficient power of sustainable grid. In this regard, we propose a new SDN platform based on IIoT technology to support resiliency by reacting immediately whenever a failure occurs to recover smart grid networks using real-time monitoring techniques. We employ SDN controller to achieve multifunctionality control and optimization challenge by providing operators with real-time data monitoring to manage demand, resources, and increasing system reliability. Data processing will be used to manage resources at local network level by employing SDN switch segment, which is connected to SDN controller through IIoT aggregation node. Furthermore, we address different scenarios to control packet flows between switches on hub-to-hub basis using traffic indicators of the infrastructure layer, in addition to any other data from the application layer. Extensive experimental simulation is conducted to demonstrate the validation of the proposed platform model. The experimental results prove the innovative SDN-based IIoT solutions can improve grid reliability for enhancing smart grid resilience.

Planning of Ultra-Dense Wireless Networks

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks adopt the deployment of ultra-dense small cells for efficient slicing of radio resources. This conceptual change in network structure aims to meet the rapid increase in mobile data traffic and connected devices. However, limited free spectrum and dynamic assignment of resources are main concerns when considering the cognitive small cells solution. Therefore, there is a need to map traffic patterns with the number of cognitive small cells to provide an optimized network architecture operating with adequate spectrum resources. This article investigates the case when network densification exceeds the radio resource capacity, causing a large scale overlapping in cell coverage area and used channels. Taking into consideration cognitive network performance characteristics, we identify two spectrum coexistence frameworks, Space Filling and Time Filling, to improve spectrum utilization and scalability for moderately large networks. Simulations show that there is a turning point when network performance starts to decline as the number of cognitive small cells exceeds the shared resources in a site area, subject to a certain load profile. This optimization of network structure, based on spectrum transmission opportunities, brings about a new topic for operators and research communities considering small cells operating in the unlicensed band.

The design of fractal antennas for UWB using MoM

In this paper the fractal method is used to realize two novel antennas useful for Ultra Wideband Radio. Fractals have self-similarity, which lends them to simple replication and desirable space filling for current path maximisation in a given footprint. Candidate fractal antennas considered here are a modified Minkowski fractal and a Koch-Square loop fractal. Both antennas are optimized to operate within the FCC UWB mask with a −10 dB of reflection loss. Reasonable gain and broadside directivity are also achieved. The antennas were synthesised with the Method of Moments package 4NEC2X.

Renovate Cognitive Networks under Spectrum Unavailability

Spectrum availability is a decisive factor for the continuity of Cognitive Network (CN) broadcast. Cognitive networks lease the spectrum temporarily whenever the primary users went off. Thus, localized wireless changes within CN cells rapidly affect the transmissions of the cognitive radios. This situation becomes more complicated for cognitive mesh networks when establishing a link over many cells. Therefore, link formation failure may cause complete disruption at certain sites of the network. A mathematical model is first introduced to study the delay impacts of the spectrum unavailability on the CN’s which has been analyzed as the most severe cause for the CN failures. In this paper, a new subnet called Cognitive Radio over Fibre (CRoF) is proposed as an alternative for the wireless links between cognitive base stations every time there is no free spectrum to communicate. In this proposed solution, the CRoF subnet splits the CN into zones according to the number of expected users and free spectrum available. Then, CRoF base stations are placed at the edges of the structured zones to act as seniors for other cognitive cells. Consequently, a new management for secondary networks is achieved for local spectrum access. Initial Opnet simulations show 11% time savings during packet delivery for the CRoF designed scenarios in comparison with traditional CN’s. The proposed CRoF subnet provides a permanent solution to restore service delivery for the CN’s affected by wireless changes.