Sachin Mishra

Cost Analysis for Electromechanical Equipment in Small Hydropower Projects

Small hydropower (SHP) is one of the most favorable and environmentally benign energy technologies for generation of electrical power. For development of a SHP project, its technical feasibility and economical viability are considered as the foremost requirements. From cost point of view, the most important elements are the electromechanical equipment, since their cost shares a high percentage in the total cost of the project. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop correlations for cost of the electromechanical equipment used in SHP projects considering head, installed capacity, and rating such as kilo volt amperes (kVA), power factor (pf), and turn ratio of transformer as cost-influencing parameters. The cost correlation has been developed for high head schemes with head ranging from 100 m to 500 m. To validate the analytical results, the cost of electromechanical equipment determined by the developed correlations is compared with the cost data collected for recently developed such projects. It has been found that the developed correlation for cost of electromechanical equipment may be used for cost estimation of future SHP projects with reasonable accuracy.

Sizing and Quantity Estimation for Desilting Tank of Small Hydropower Projects—An Analytical Approach

In small hydropower (SHP) projects, desilting tank is an important component, which protects the mechanical equipment specially turbine from the silt carried by the water conductor system. Desilting tanks are used in water treatment plants and hydropower channels to remove objectionable sediment of a specified size and quantity. Design of desilting tank requires evaluation of sediment removal efficiency over the range of sediment particle sizes. In the design of desilting tank, various combinations of width, depth, and length of the tank are possible to achieve desired silt removal efficiency. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop correlations for sizing of desilting tank and estimation of quantities of various materials required in the construction of desilting tank. The results obtained were verified with the data collected on desilting tanks of recently developed SHP projects. The results are found within maximum error of ±12%. The correlation developed can be used for sizing and cost estimation of the desilting tank.

Sustainable energy development by small hydropower with CDM benefits in India

Small hydropower (SHP) is an environmental friendly technology and qualifies for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) benefits. The CDM is a part of the global market, developing rapidly in response to global warming. It has two objectives to achieve, i.e. sustainable development in host countries and assist other countries in achieving the emission reduction targets. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the CDM potential from SHP projects in India. It has been found that there is a vast potential of CO2 abatement by developing SHP projects. The annual Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) from SHP projects under implementation in India could reach up to 1.26 million tonnes. CDM benefits will help to develop remaining potential of SHP projects more effectively in sustainable manner. An analysis has also been carried out using logistic model to predict SHP development. It has been found that the remaining potential of SHP in India can be developed by the year 2040.

Cost Optimization of High Head Run of River Small Hydropower Projects

Small hydropower (SHP) is one of the most reliable and environment friendly source of electrical power among different renewable energy sources. For making a decision regarding development of a SHP project, its financial viability is to be assessed along with technical feasibility. In the present study, a methodology has been developed for cost assessment of high head run of river (ROR) SHP projects in order to determine their techno-economic viability before undergoing detailed investigation. This will enable the planners and developers to carry out detailed investigation and implementation of only those projects which are financially feasible. In the analysis of cost, capacity and head have been considered cost-influencing parameters. The correlations for cost based on different types of head race conduit, penstock materials, types of turbine and types of generator for various layouts have been developed. The project cost determined from the developed correlations is validated by the cost data collected from recently developed projects. It has been found that the developed correlation for cost may be used for reasonable cost estimation of hydropower projects for planning of such projects. The cost analysis of different layouts based on generation cost and installation cost were evaluated. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based technique has been employed to work out the optimal layout. Based on cost analysis, nomogram has been developed for selection of optimum layout for high head RoR SHP projects.

A present and future state-of-the-art development for energy- efficient buildings using PV systems

ABSTRACT The power industry is facing a great deal of ample generation, and with constant fluctuations in load on a daily basis, the focus lies on meeting the requirement of peak load especially during peak hours. To understand this phenomenon and satisfy the urge to identify the primary consumers, as per the studies carried out, 60% of the load is due to Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning systems and the remaining is accounted for by the lighting load. In this paper, the issues regarding the power demand and supply of energy-efficient buildings are presented. Attempts are made to review the different research works carried out in the field of economic analysis, thermal and solar modeling of the domestic and commercial buildings with the use of a renewable energy source, especially solar energy. Results provide a better understanding of the thermal modeling in buildings and depict an adaptive solution for load profile requirement and reduction of power dissipation.

Simulation of Lumped Parameter Building Model for Observing Dynamics of Energy Efficient Buildings

Buildings are the primary consumers of energy and electricity in most parts of the world. Toovercome the dissipation design of optimal and energy efficient buildings provide excellent opportunities to reduce building energy consumption. The aim of the studyforunderstanding the issues regarding the power supply and demandfor energy efficient buildings. In this paper, the heat load of the building is identifiedwith the help of thermal modeling and lighting load which are carried out bymathematical modeling. A portion of theload is satisfied with the help of PV solar panels connected to each building, and the remaining load is satisfied with the distribution systems connected to thegrid. The research provides a simplified model which can predict the behavior of various loads in a building. This simplified mathematical modeling has adequate precision and can be used for further analysis with various control techniques to achieve optimal performance. Care can be taken for excess or deficient energy and balance them between different buildings.

Integration of Renewable Energy Resources for Rural Electrification

Integration of renewable energy resources is a good solution for electrifying the remote unelectrified villages. In this paper, optimal and economical combination of renewable energy resources has been done using Homer software for the electrification of remote village, Kadura in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The renewable energy resources that we have considered in our case are hydro, solar, and wind. First the commercial, domestic, industrial, agricultural, and irrigation load demand have been estimated of this particular area. The optimized combination provided cost-effective and reliable electricity to this remote unelectrified village. The paper also explains sensitive analysis of external disturbances like climatic changes or technical snags that would affect the overall optimal combination. The combination provided by integrating renewable energy resources is environment friendly which is the most challenging task for modern power sector.

Validation of ANN-Based Model for Binary Distillation Column

An artificial neural network model for Binary Distillation Column (BDC) is presented in this work. The recurrent neural networks have been used for the modeling to represent the nonlinear behavior of distillation process. The data for neural network training has been acquired from continuous BDC setup available in laboratory. The available model contains nine trays. The neural network model is composed of two layers. The activation function chosen for the first layer is a hyperbolic tangent sigmoid function, whereas a pure linear function is utilized as activation functions in the second layer. The validation of developed neural network based model has been done by an extensive data set of real-time data acquired from the BDC set up.

Analysis of low cost, energy efficient building management and control through occupancy control and delamping technique

In any nation; energy demand is expected to be increased day by day and in India; it is expected to be double by 2030.Therefore it is necessary to use energy as efficiently as possible. This paper emphasizes on two methods of control for energy efficient buildings namely Lumens method and occupancy control using PIR sensors. An elaborated study of load and energy was done for Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP) main block. For effective study; the existing lightning method was revaluated and the potential energy saving by Lumens method were determined and validated with the photometric measurements and also the energy saving through occupancy control by using PIR sensors was also achieved.

Intelligent control of fixed capacitor - thyristor controlled reactor for power quality improvement

The paper provides a comprehensive review regarding the usage of SVCs along with intelligent techniques. With high inductive loads like machine, arc wielding, etc., being used in industries, the power factor variation and maintaining constant balance between active and reactive power is a very big challenge. The paper deals with power quality improvement by the use of FC-TCR compensator and to verify the effectiveness filters which are essential for eliminating harmonics are designed and simulated using MATLAB. For implementation in three phase power line model SVC was designed. In order to test the function regarding SVC operation and proposed control algorithm function, several test and simulation was carried out. MATLAB is used for the purpose of simulation and modelling of thyristor controlled reactor. Results obtained by simulation are presented. With the variation in firing angle, the current drawn from the TCR is kept varying. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical results. Intelligent control schemes like Fuzzy Inference System were utilized in the simulation for closed loop operation of the system.