Sadettin Çalışkan

Antioxidant enzymes and melatonin levels in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during stable and exacerbation periods.

An imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity may play an important role in the development and progression of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We carried out a study to assess the systemic oxidant–antioxidant status during the exacerbation and the stable period in patients with BA and COPD. A total of 33 patients, 16 with BA and 17 with COPD were included in the study. During the exacerbation and the stable periods, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione reductase (GRd), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and serum melatonin concentrations were investigated. Blood counts, respiratory functions, and blood gases of the patients were also performed. During an exacerbation period of BA, despite the decreases in GSH‐Px, GRd and melatonin levels, MDA and CAT levels, and the white blood cell count, the percentage of eosinophils were significantly higher than in the stable period. Also, it was found that FEV1/L (where FEV1 is the forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC/L (where FVC is forced vital capacity), PEF/L/s (where PEF is peak expiratory flow), pO2 (where pO2 is oxygen pressure) levels increased during the stable period in patients with BA. MDA and SOD values were higher in the exacerbation period than in the stable period although GSH‐Px, GRd, melatonin, pH, and pO2 values were lower in the exacerbation period than in the stable period. The blood counts and the respiratory function tests did not change between the exacerbation and the stable period of patients with COPD significantly. In conclusion, we observed that oxidative stress in the exacerbation period of patients with BA and COPD increased whereas the antioxidant enzymes and melatonin values reduced. The episodes of BA or COPD might be associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress. Copyright

Testicular apoptosis and histopathological changes induced by a 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field

There is a growing public concern about the potential human health hazard caused by exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of 2450 mhz electromagnetic field on apoptosis and histopathological changes on rat testis tissue. Twelve-week-old male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. Eighteen rats equally divided into three different groups which were named group I, II and III. Cage control (group I), sham control (group II) and 2.45 GHz EMR (group III) groups were formed. Group III were exposed to 2.45 GHz EMR, at 3.21 W/kg specific absorption rate for 60 minutes/ day for 28 days. There was no difference among the groups for the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, pyknotic, karyolectic and karyotic cells. However, the number of Leydig cells of testis tissue of the rats in group III was significantly reduced comparing with the group I (p < 0.05). Estimation of spermatogenesis using the Johnsen testicular biopsy score revealed that the difference between groups is statistically significant. The level of TNF-α, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were compared, and no significant difference was found between the groups. When Bax apoptosis genes and Caspase-8 apoptosis enzyme were compared, there were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Electromagnetic field affects spermatogenesis and causes to apoptosis due to the heat and other stress-related events in testis tissue.

No effects of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from cellular phone on nocturnal serum melatonin levels in rats

In this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum nocturnal melatonin levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Thirty rats were used in three independent groups, 10 of which were exposed to 900 MHz, 10 of which were exposed to 1800 MHz and 10 of which were sham-exposed (control). The exposures were performed 30 min/day, for five days/week for four weeks to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz EMF. Control animals were kept under the same environmental conditions as the study groups except with no EMF exposure. The concentration of nocturnal melatonin in the rat serum was measured by using a radioimmunoassay method. There were no statistically significant differences in serum melatonin concentrations between the 900 MHz EMF group and the sham-exposed group (P-0.05). The values at 12:00 pm were 39.119 / 6.5 pg/mL in the sham-exposed group and 34.979 / 5.1 pg/mL in the 900 MHz EMF-exposed group. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in serum melatonin concentrations between the sham-exposed group and the 1800 MHz EMF-exposed group (P-0.05). The values at 12:00 pm were 39.119 / 6.5 pg/mL in the sham-exposed group and 37.969 / 7.4 pg/mL in the exposed group. These results indicate that mobile phones, emitting 900 and 1800 MHz EMF, have no effect on nocturnal serum melatonin levels in rats.

Melatonin levels and enzymatic antioxidant defense system decrease in blood of patients with bronchial asthma.

The etiology of bronchial asthma (BA) is not clearly understood. In recent years, a few studies have investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the etiology of BA. There are some defense mechanisms in the organism to avoid the harmful effects of ROS. Melatonin (MEL) is synthesized by the pineal gland at night and exhibits antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate serum MEL levels, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the association of the respiratory function tests, namely dynamic lung volumes; the forced vital capacity (FVC/L, FVC%), the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1/L, FEV1%), and peak expiratory flow (PEF/L/s, PEF%) in 30 patients with BA and 30 age-matched healthy controls. The levels of serum MEL, the activities of erythrocyte SOD, and the values of FVC/L, FVC%, FEV1/L, and FEV1% were significantly lower in the patients with BA than in control group. The positive correlations were observed between FVC% with erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px, FEV1/L as well as FEV1% with erythrocyte SOD, whereas negative correlation was observed between PEF/L/s with levels of serum MEL. In conclusion, these results provide some evidence for a potential role of decreased antioxidant enzymes, MEL, and respiratory function test values in BA.

The effect of the prenatal and post-natal long-term exposure to 50 Hz electric field on growth, pubertal development and IGF-1 levels in female Wistar rats

To investigate prenatal and post-natal effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field (EF) on growth and pubertal development, pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed among three groups. The pregnant rats of the prenatal group were exposed to 24-hour EF at 50 Hz EF 10 kV/min during pregnancy and their subsequent randomly selected female pups continued to be exposed until puberty. The post-natal group was unexposed to EF during pregnancy, but randomly selected female pups from this group were exposed to EF between delivery and puberty at the same doses and duration as the prenatal group. The third group was a sham-exposed group. The mean birth weight and weight gain of the pups during study period were found significantly reduced in prenatal group than post-natal and sham-exposed groups (p < 0.001). No difference could be found among the three groups for body weight at puberty (p > 0.05). The mean age at vaginal opening and estrous were significantly higher at prenatal group than post-natal and sham-exposed groups (p < 0.001). Serum insulin-like growth hormone-1 (IGF-1) levels were found significantly reduced in prenatal exposure group compared with the other two groups (p < 0.001). There was no difference for birth weight, weight gain, the mean age at vaginal opening and estrous and IGF-1 levels between post-natal and sham-exposed groups (p > 0.05). There was also no difference for FSH, LH and E2 levels at puberty among the three groups (p > 0.05). Histological examination revealed that both the prenatal and post-natal groups had the evidence of tissue damage on hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. In conclusion, early beginning of prenatal exposure of rats to 24 hours 50 Hz EF at 10 kV/m until puberty without magnetic field (MF) resulted in growth restriction, delayed puberty and reduced IGF-1 levels in female Wistar rats. These effects probably associated with direct toxic effects of EF on target organs. Post-natal exposure to EF at similar doses and duration seems to be less harmful on target organs. Post-natal exposure to EF at similar doses and duration seems to be less harmful.

Preventive effect of vitamin E on iron-induced oxidative damage in rabbit

Although iron (Fe), plays an important role in different oxidative steps during the metabolism of the human body, it can cause free radical damage. Iron ions seem to play a major role in initiation and promotion reactions of intracellular lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin E has a protective effect on oxidative changes in erythrocytes induced by Fe treatment. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 14009 / 50 g were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups. The first group (n:10) was given 500 mg/kg iron-dextran through intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The second group was given 500 mg/kg iron-dextran+100 mg/kg vitamin E(ip). The third group constituted the control group and received a saline solution injection. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutatione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were determined. Erythrocyte SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased and MDA level was increased in iron-dextran treated animals compared to the control group (PB / 0.05). The activities of the three antioxidant enzymes were increased and MDA level was decreased in iron-dextran and vitamin E treated group compared to the control group (PB / 0.05). Our data indicate that lipid peroxidation occurs after iron overload in the blood. In the light of our findings, vitamin E administration can prevent the toxic oxidative effects induced by iron-dependent free radical damage in erythrocytes.

Investigation of the Oxidative Effect of Chronic Hyperammonemia on the Kidney and the Possible Protective Effect of Allopurinol

Although there have been many studies on this topic, the molecular mechanism of the toxic effects of hyperammonemia on cells has not yet been fully explained. Recent studies have held oxidative stress mechanisms responsible for hyperammonemia-induced cell damage. Kidney functions are affected in diseases associated with an increase in ammonia in the blood. Our study tries to determine whether oxidative stress mechanisms are responsible for kidney damage in chronic hyperammonemia. We also investigated whether kidney damage is dependent on possible reactive oxygen products associated with the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme and whether the possible association can be inhibited with allopurinol, an XO enzyme inhibitor. The study took into consideration the enzyme activities of XO, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as protein thiol (P–SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The data found demonstrated that chronic hyperammonemia had oxidative stress effects on the kidney, and that kidney XO and XDH activity changed. However, it was not possible to inhibit this oxidative stress in the kidney using allopurinol. Thus, we could not conclude that oxidative stress is an XO‐dependent mechanism. The outcomes of the study suggested that this oxidative situation arising in hyperammonemia occurred through a mechanism other than the XO enzyme.

To Investigate the Effects of Air Pollution (PM10 and SO2) on the Respiratory Diseases Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVES Effects of air pollution parameters of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) values on the respiratory system were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of SO2 and PM10 were obtained daily for air pollution and classified into two groups: Group I (2006-2007), coal burning years and Group II (2008-2009), natural gas+ coal burning. Groups I and II were divided into two subgroups according to the months of combustion as combustible (November-April) and noncombustible (May-October). The number of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) was recorded between 2006 and 2009. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between Groups I and II for PM10 and SO2 (p>0.05). Within the years, the values of SO2 and PM10 were statistically different between the groups defined by month (p<0.01). The number of patients in the combustible and noncombustible subgroups were found to be different for every 4 years, and the numbers of patients with COPD or asthma were not changed through the years. There was a strong correlation between PM10 and COPD (r=0.59, p<0.01) and a weak correlation between PM10 and asthma (r=0.25, p>0.05). A correlation was found between SO2 and COPD (p<0.01) but not between SO2 and asthma (p>0.05). The number of visits for COPD and asthma was statistically different between combustible and noncombustible subgroups (X2:58.61, p=0.000; X2:34.55, p=0.000, respectively). The r2 values for SO2 and PM10 for COPD patients were 17% and 24%, respectively, in contrast to 8% and 5%, respectivley for asthma patients. CONCLUSION Air pollution is known to increase respiratory disease occurrences. With decrease in the usage of solid fuel, air pollution could be reduced and may be effective in preventing respiratory diseases.

Bronşial astımlı hastalarda lateralite ile antioksidanlar arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması

SuleymanDemirel Universitesi TIP FAKULTESI DERGISI: 2006 Haziran; 13(2) Bronsial astimli hastalarda lateralite ile antioksidanlar arasindaki iliskilerin arastirilmasi Nurhan G. Yildirim, Sadettin Caliskan, Mehmet Akdogan, M.Fehmi Ozguner, Ahmet Akkaya, Serpil Şen Ozbas, Ahmet Koyu Ozet Bu calisma, bronsial astimli hastalarda ve saglikli kisilerde lateralite ile antioksidanlar arasindaki iliskilerin arastirilmasi amaciyla yapildi. Bronsial astimli 30 hasta ve 30 saglikli birey olmak uzere 60 olguda, arastirma icin ilgili etik kuruldan izin alinarak eritrositer superoksit dismutaz, glutatyon peroksidaz ve serum melatonin duzeylerinin tayinleri yapildi. Ayrica herbir olguya el tercihi anketinin modifiye sekli Geschwind Skoru uygulandi. Bronsial astimli hastalarda sag el tercihi yuksek olup; eritrositer superoksit dismutaz, serum melatonin duzeyleri kontrol grubuna gore anlamli olarak dusuk bulundu. Eritrositer glutatyon peroksidaz duzeyleri bronsial astimli hastalarda dusuk olmakla beraber iki grup arasinda anlamli bir fark saptanamadi. Lateralite ile superoksit dismutaz duzeyi arasinda negatif bir korelasyon gozlendi. Calismamizda, bronsial astim hastaligi ile bireylerin sol el tercihi arasinda bir iliskinin olmadigi fakat antioksidan savunma sisteminin bu hastalarda zayifladigi sonucuna varildi. Anahtar kelimeler: Bronsial astim, superoksit dismutaz, glutatyon peroksidaz, melatonin, lateralite Abstract Investigation of the relationships between laterality and antioxidants in bronchial asthmatic patients The aim of this study was to investigate of the relationships between laterality and antioxidants in the patients with bronchial asthma. For this study permission was taken from etic comitee. In 60 facts, which are 30 patients who has bronchial asthma and 30 healthy individuals, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in erytrocyte and serum melatonin have been determined. Morever, modifiye form of Geschwind Score, of handedness questionnaire has been applied for each fact. Right handedness is dominant in bronchial asthmatic patients, the levels of superoxide dismutase in erytrocyte, serum melatonin has been found meaningfully low according to control group. However, the levels of glutathione peroxidase in erytrocyte is low in bronchial asthmatic patients, no meaningful difference between two groups has been determined. A negative corelation has been observed between lateralite and the level of superoxide dismutase. In our study, the result, that there was no relationship between bronchial asthma and left handedness but antioxidant defence system was weakened asthmatic patients. Key words: Bronchial asthma, superoksit dismutaz, glutatyon peroksidaz, melatonin, lateralite

Yaşlı Hastalarda Anestezi Hazırlığı

Suleyman Demirel Universitesi TIP FAKULTESI DERGISI: 1994 Mart; 1(1) Yasli Hastalarda Anestezi Hazirligi Ali Dolgun Halit Karaca Sadettin Caliskan Ozet Yaslilikla birlikte insanlarda butun organ ve sistemlerde geri donusu olmayan degisiklikler olur. Tip ve teknoloji alanindaki gelismeler yasli nufusu artirmaktadir. Bu nedenle cerrah ve anestezistin karsisina gelen yasli vakalar da artmaktadir. Gerekli tedbirler alinmazsa bu vakalar anestezi acisindan problemlere yol acar. Bu makalede yaslilikta olusan fizyolojik degisiklikler, bunlarin anesteziye olan etkileri ve alinmasi gerekli tedbirler gozden gecirilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaslilik, fizyolojik degisiklikler, yasli cerrahi hasta, anestezi hazirligi. Abstract Preanesthetical Preparation in Elderly Patients With aging, irreversible physiological and physiopathological changes occur in all organs and systems of humans, Developments in medicine and technology make the geriatric population rise. For this reason surgeons and anesthetists meet with many more elderly patients. If necessary measures are not taken these cases will cause a lot of problems in anesthesiology practice. in this article, physiological changes in elderly patients, their interaction with anesthesia and preanesthetical measurements are revived. Key Words: Geriatrics, physiological changes, elderly surgical patients, preanesthetical preparation.