Sadri Said

Evaluation of different extraction methods on antimicrobial potency of Adenium obesum stem against food borne pathogenic bacterial strains in Oman

Abstract Objective To determine and compare the effect on antimicrobial potency of crude stems extract of Adenium obesum ( A. obesum ) by Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods. Methods The crude extracts were prepared from the coarse samples of stems with methanol by using Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods. Both the crude extracts from two extraction methods were dissolved in water and successively extracted by different polarities solvents with increasing polarities. In vitro antimicrobial potency of different polarities crude extracts obtained from Soxhlet and maceration methods was determined by agar gel diffusion method against different food borne pathogenic bacterial strains. Results The results for antimicrobial potency of different crude extracts were almost similar by Soxhlet and maceration and methods. The average range of inhibition potency of different polarities crude extracts was 0%-17% by Soxhlet method and inhibition potency 0%-24% by maceration method. Conclusions These results obtained from in vitro approach give promising basic information about this plant as well as some potential crude extracts can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Cytotoxic properties of some herbal plants in Oman

Abstract Organic extracts from five medicinal plants collected in Oman were assayed for in vitro cytotoxic property. Dried samples from latex, leaves, roots and stem bark of these species were macerated in ethanol to give crude extracts which were Kupchans partitioned into hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Six different concentrations of each fraction were subjected to brine shrimp test to determine their lethality values. Percent mortalities from each fraction were then converted to LC50 values by Finney probit analysis. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts from Calotropis procera latex and aerial part of Rhazya stricta were the most active. LC50 values for C. procera latex were 3.0 and 8.2 μg/ml, respectively, while that of R. stricta were 18.1 and 13.9 μg/ml, respectively. C. procera and R. stricta growing in Oman are good sources of cytotoxic compounds.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of different polarities stem crude extracts by different extraction methods of Adenium obesum

Objective: To select best extraction method for the isolated antioxidant compounds from the stems of Adenium obesum. Methods: Two methods used for the extraction are Soxhlet and maceration methods. Methanol solvent was used for both extraction method. The methanol crude extract was defatted with water and extracted successively with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol solvents. The antioxidant potential for all crude extracts were determined by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl method. Results: The percentage of extraction yield by Soxhlet method is higher compared to maceration method. The antioxidant potential for methanol and its derived fractions by Soxhlet extractor method was highest in ethyl acetate and lowest in hexane crude extracts and found in the order of ethyl acetate>butanol>water>chloroform>methanol>hexane. However, the antioxidant potential for methanol and its derived fractions by maceration method was highest in butanol and lowest in hexane followed in the order of butanol>methanol>chloroform>water>ethyl acetate>hexane. Conclusions: The results showed that isolate antioxidant compounds effected on the extraction method and condition of extraction.

A comparison of the antimicrobial effectiveness of different polarities crude extracts from the leaves of Adenium obesum used in Omani traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections

Abstract Objective To study and compare different crude extracts from the leaves of Adenium obesum for antimicrobial potency and to perform different group tests. Methods After processed, the leaves samples were used for extraction with methanol solvent by Soxhlet extraction method. The methanol crude extract was prepared by evaporating the solvent. The obtained extract was defatted by water and fractioned into different solvents. All the fractionated crude extracts were evaporated and used for antimicrobial study by disc method against pathogenic bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). The antimicrobial results for all crude extracts obtained from the leaves of Adenium obesum were compared with a standard antibiotic amoxicillin. Results The calculated diameter of inhibition zone for all polarities crude extracts were in the range of 0–13 mm. The results showed that all crude extracts have strong potential against different pathogenic bacterial strains. Conclusions The isolated crude extracts by Soxhlet method could be used as herbal or pharmaceutical medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial compound from the stem-bark of the traditionally used medicinal plant Adenium obesum

Background Medicinal plants constitute a natural reservoir for medicines worldwide. They serve mainstream therapeutics and are central in folklore medicine. In case of Adenium obesum (Lav, Apocynaceae), indigenous people of Oman use it for the treatment of venereal diseases, wounds, skin diseases, headaches, muscle pain as well as joint pain; yet, the active ingredients have not been classified. To screened the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of an identified compound that we isolated from the highest active chloroform extract. Methods The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and the isolated compound were determined by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and disc diffusion methods. To characterize the compound, we used TLC, column, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR and MS. Results The highest antioxidant activity was found in chloroform extract with EC50 value of 28.32 μg/ml followed by water, methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts, their IC50 being 29.95, 39.17, 42.40, 43.20 and 57.00 μg/ml respectively. All crude extracts and pure compound displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against one Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and three Gram negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris within growth inhibition range of 0–13 mm. The active metabolite was identified as 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (R)-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl ester which is a common plant ingredient known as rosmarinic acid. Conclusion The results indicate that walnut chloroform fraction may contain effective compounds with a broad spectrum of curative applications. This is the first report on isolation and characterization of a compound from chloroform crude extract of A. obesum.

Composition of Essential Oil of Thymus vulgaris grown in Oman

Abstract Thymus vulgaris L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has a pleasant smell. It is native to the Westren Mediterranean region and southern Italy. The fresh plant material was collected in the month of April from Al Jabal Al Abyadh in Sharqiya region of Oman. The aerial parts of T. vulgaris were separated from fresh plant material and essential oil was isolated by steam distillation method using Clevengers apparatus. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of eighteen constituents were identified, the major constituent was durenol (56.2 %). Other main constituents were thymol (15.04 %), p-cymene (8.69 %), δ-terpinene (5.24 %), and α-pinene (2.65 %).

In vitro Anticancer Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants from Oman

This paper reports in vitro anticancer activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water extracts obtained from twelve (12) medicinal plants including Aloe dhufarensis, Calotropis procera, Juniperus servaschanica, Lawsonia inermis, Maytenus dhofarensis, Moringa peregrina, Polygala senensis, Punica granatum, Rhazya stricta, Solanum incanum, Teucrium mascatense. and Zataria multiflora collected from Oman. Crude ethanol extracts prepared by maceration of plant materials in ethanol were Kupchan partitioned to give hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. Cytotoxicities of the prepared fractions were measured by Alamar blue assay against ovarian cancer cell line (MCAS) and breast cancer cell line (MDA MB231). Thirteen extracts from five plants C. procera, J. servaschanica, M. dhofarensis, S. incanum and Original Research Article Said et al.; BJPR, 15(5): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJPR.32459 2 T. mascatense were found active against MCAS; hexane extract from J. servaschanica was the most active followed by chloroform extract from leaves of S. incanum (IC50 = 8.50 and 10.90 μg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, nine extracts from these plants except C. procera inhibited the growth of MDA MB321; hexane extract from J. servaschanica was again the most active followed by butanol extract of S. incanum. (IC50 = 11.4 and 19.44 μg/ml, respectively). Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information on flora growing in this intemperate, hot climate region could provide new chemical entities for development of new and more potent cancer chemotherapeutics.