Saemah Rahman

ESl Lecturers’ Voices on Tell Me More

The Spirit of the Chinese People was written in 1915, from historical view, China was undergoing great social changes in all aspects at that time. The book written by Ku Hung-Ming is considered to be the first work in modern China to introduce Chinese people to the westerners. He shows deep love, passion and pride of Chinese culture in this book, intending to change the prejudice towards Chinese people of the westerners. Cultural confidence of Ku Hung-Ming can also be sensed greatly in his great work, which is of great value nowadays. This paper mainly demonstrates cultural confidence of Chinese people conveyed in this book by Ku Hung-Ming, some personal reflections are also discussed in this paper to show the author’s understanding of Chinese cultural confidence.Anne of Green Gables, one of Canada’s best known children’s books, has gained popularity all over the world. Anne has become a household name in the children world. The paper analyses the image of Anne in Chinese readers’ eyes: a romantic, imaginative, loyal, self-spirited and loveable girl. The author of this paper also reviews a brief history of Canadian literature’s acceptance in China, and offers some constructive suggestions for the effective popularization of Canadian literature in China. Key words: Anne; Canadian literature; popularization; children’s literaturePresently, most students of normal universities know nothing about music knowledge such as music score at all, and have no musical knowledge and culture. This is a common problem existing in many Chinese normal universities. Surveys, however, show the students are fond of and thirst for learning music knowledge. Thus, universities and related institutions have been laying stress on how to cultivate and improve the music knowledge and culture of students of normal universities. In view of this, this paper aims to research the problems in music curriculum design of normal universities, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, with a hope to give assistance to related universities in music teaching. The theory knowledge of music and vocality accomplishments is one of the basic knowledge and accomplishments that modern talents should have. Besides music majors, education majors also should be offered music education, so as to make up the deficiency of musical knowledge and culture of Chinese musical talents, and comprehensively improve students’ musical skills (Kong & Jin, 2014). There are many problems in music education curriculum design of normal universities. About this, this paper aims to analyze the problems, and put forward suggestions on related curriculum design.Frye’s theory of archetypal meaning includes the apocalyptic and the demonic imagery. The apocalyptic and demonic imagery will be applied to William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, which is stuffed with symbols. Through the demonic imagery, the theme of the novel, people naturally revert to cruelty, savagery and barbarism is clearly revealed. The apocalyptic imagery gives us some hope, though.This essay is devoted to a review of Fotos and Ellis’ (1991) article about using task-based approach in teaching grammar. The choice of the article is based on the fact that it provides a good start for a discussion of the implementation of task-based approach to grammar teaching. First, a summary of the main points in the article is presented. The second part provides a discussion focusing on how the issue of teaching grammar communicatively has been tackled by other researchers. The last part is an attempt to draw some implications of task-based approach in teaching grammar for the Moroccan context.Based on the cultivating mode of special talents and cultivating target of professional talents in the higher vocational colleges, through imitating major cluster construction idea, so as to promote the efficient launch of thematic practical teaching, this paper will conduct relatively deep analysis and discussion on how to improve the practical teaching effectiveness of ideological and political course in the higher vocational colleges.As more and more Chinese farmers are moving to bigger cities, the education problems of migrant students become more and more severe in China. Based on the analysis on the current situation of compulsory education of migrant students in X City, and comparing with the successful solutions of migrant education problems in the United States, this paper offers some possible suggestions to schools in X City on solving the compulsory education problems of migrant students.This paper attempts to offer teachers effective and convenient models in explaining several basic concepts in translation theories to students in translation classes. Four models borrowed from the discipline of cognition are prototype, cognition domain, salience and the three-dimensional cognition mode. The concepts explained in this paper included translation variation, extra-linguistic knowledge for translation, translation criteria and un-translatability, all of which are among the primary concerns for students in translation classes. Key Words: translation concepts; translation theories; cognitive modelsOn the eve of the thirtieth Teachers’ Day, President Xi Jinping visited the Beijing Normal University, and gave an important speech on the forum of the teachers and students from Beijing Normal University: Be a Good Teacher Who Satisfies the Party and the People. The speech highlights the importance of education and teachers, which are of great significance to strengthen the construction of teachers’ contingent. With College counselors being an important part of teachers’ contingent, this paper analyzes the significance of college counselors practicing the Good Teacher With Four Haves Standard from this angle, and further puts forward some countermeasures on this basis, namely, a good college counselor should have clear ideal and conviction, have noble moral sentiment, have profound and relevant knowledge, and have a loving and benevolent heart, in order to provide a certain reference for the troop construction of college counselors.This paper clarified the concepts of cognitive load and combined EFL listening decoding as well as the relationship between them, and examined the change of learners’ cognitive load and its impact on their EFL listening decoding which were caused by input of pure audio information and that of combined audio information with mixtures such as pictures and images. Based on this, the author proposed some effective strategies to improve learners’ EFL listening decoding, including strengthening the training of learners’ English thinking, increasing their cognitive level, enriching the design of EFL listening teaching, creating multiple schemas and maintaining the reasonable cognitive load according to individual learners’ cognitive styles.Making a general survey of Jane·Eyre status changing process from its publication to the end of the last century, it is certain that the novel is a dynamic classic after its publication because of its own and outside factors. However, between the late 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th , the society and commentors transferred their focus from Charlotte and his works, causing Jane·Eyre to be stative classic. Since the middle period of the last century the dynamic classic position of Jane·Eyre was again raised.Most of the governments in the world provide the private colleges with necessary financial support. This is evident especially in U.S., Japan and South Korea where the private higher education is very advanced. The private colleges in these countries have undergone different development paths. As their school funds come from different sources, the public financial support they gain exhibits different characteristics. The governments of these three countries attach great important to the development of private colleges, and issued a complete set of regulations to stipulate that the private colleges qualify for the same financial support as the public colleges. Various measures that were taken by the governments to raise funds contribute to sustainable development of the private colleges.В данной работе предлагается методическая организация иероглифического минимума для обучения студентов языкового вуза письму на китайском языке, построенная с учетом принципов гнездовой и концентрической организации материала; выделяются три методически значимых типа иероглифов.There are three aspects to strengthen honest governance education to Chinese policemen which include fully utilizing policemen to construct socialist harmonious society, strengthening ideology and politics education to policemen to develop their autonomy, establishing complete the system to punish and prevent corruption in policemen to further construct system.This study investigated the strategies monolingual Saudi Arabian adults (MSAAs), Saudi EFL adult learners (SEFLALs), and native speakers of English (ENSs) used when complaining. Another related aim was investigating whether SEFLALs displayed pragmatic transfer when using complaint strategies. A total of 183 written responses were collected from MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs via a three-item discourse completion task (DCT) were analyzed. Findings revealed the strategies used by the study participants when performing the speech act of complaints. First, hints, request and annoyance were the most frequently used strategies by MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs. Second, there were no statistically significant differences among MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs in using the strategy of direct accusation which consistent with the concept of positive pragmatic transfer. Third, hints, behavioral blame, request and indirect accusation were cases of weak negative pragmatic transfer as employed the SEFLALs in the current study. Fourth, modified blame was consistent with concept of strong negative pragmatic transfer. Finally, the last two strategies; annoyance and threat were consistent with no transfer, that is, SEFLAL employed these two strategies as ENSs.Lord Jim is an attempt by Joseph Conrad to contemplate on the failure of the dreams of a man whose romantic beliefs in classical heroism and manner of conduct finally brings about his bafflement. In fact, this writer is trying to mirror that one’s lack of knowledge in case of the “how to be of life”, or his inability to vision the modern world practically from an authentic viewpoint holds him from being conscious enough about his real existence, resulting in a tragedy: a death associated with ambiguity, absent-mindedness and fury. To be more specific, the present study intends to investigate Jim’s Romance, his character – as well as that of the other important characters – and the strategies or techniques applied by Conrad, to reflect the failures of such a romantic viewpoint. Key words: Lord Jim; Joseph Conrad; Romance; Heroism; TragedyBased on the development history of Chinese revolution, the recording in the form of painting can help to restore the scene by combining the related historic theme, thus enhance the authenticity of creation of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history and objectively help to raise collectors’ collection hobby and interest. This paper discusses the creation and collection of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history so as to realize comprehensive understanding of the creation and collection of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history and thus promote the development of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history.The work of building Party schools for vocational college students is faced with new challenges in the new situation. This paper analyzes the main problems in of the process of building Party schools for vocational college students, and suggests building a mechanism for building Party schools for vocational college students based on the process of cultivating activists.

Learning environment and learning approaches among engineering students

Review of literature documented the role of learning approach in improving students learning outcome. It is also belief that students approach to learning is influence by the learning environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between learning environment and learning approaches among engineering students. A total of 527 final semester engineering students at technical institute in Malaysia were involved in this study. Data were collected using two sets of questionnaire namely: 1) Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) to measure learning environment and ii) Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (RSPQ-2F) to measure learning approach. Data were analyzed using multiple regression to predict learning environment factors that are hypothesized to influence learning approaches among engineering students. The implication of learning environment in the promotion of deep approach will be discussed.

The effectiveness of child-friendly approaches on educating health-related behaviour for children

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe communication effectiveness and communication satisfaction experienced by professional nurses in selected public health care services. Quantitative, explorative and descriptive research was conducted to determine the communication effectiveness and levels of communication satisfaction. The Downs and Adrian (2004) structured questionnaire was adapted and used to collect the data. The study population consisted of three groups of professional nurses, namely nurse managers (n=18), operational managers (n=22) and professional nurses (n=90). The study highlighted areas of effective and ineffective communication, as well as areas of communication satisfaction and dissatisfaction, among professional nurses. The findings revealed that although professional nurses are satisfied with their supervisorsubordinate communication, they are dissatisfied with personal feedback between all categories of professional nurses. Recommendations for the improvement of the communication effectiveness and communication satisfaction of professional nurses are aimed at creating an organisational atmosphere conducive to two-way communication.I reliability is an important consideration in instrument development as well as in the ongoing fidelity of measurements that can be somewhat subjective.The Cohen’s kappa statistic takes chance into consideration and thus, provides a more robust measurement of agreement than inter-rater reliability. This analysis was an important step in a program evaluation of an innovative, multi-faceted professional nursing frameworkthat incorporated a newly developed instrument. In order to evaluate the implementation and diffusion of the innovation, site visits were conducted by a team of two investigators using the instrument comprised of six unit-level components. The two investigators met separately with nursing staff and leaders on all study units in 50% of the military hospitals included in the program evaluation. Using the “Optimized Performance Checklist,” each rated the implementation as met, not met, or partially met. Each of the 34 units was rated separately on 20 data elements, or items, in the checklist, generating 675 pairs of data elements for the observers. The formula for the kappa statistic (observed-expected agreement/1-expected agreement) was applied. The observers agreed on 652 of the 675 ratings, resulting in 97% agreement. However, when taking into consideration chance agreements and disagreements, the Cohen’s kappa statistic was .91. The Cohen’s kappa indicates a very high level of agreement even when chance is considered. The kappa is an easy to calculate statistic that provides a more conservative and realistic estimate of inter-rater reliability. It should be used when attempting to verify observer fidelity.Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries (HAPI) reflects upon nursing care effectiveness and is seen as a nursing quality outcome measure. HAPIs are a global concern due to many factors and contribute to an increase in treatment costs, increase length of stay, possible litigation, and reimbursement issues. HAPIs are seen as a preventable adverse event as identified by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS). Data gathered before initiation of this project indicated that within a 12-month period both the MICU and SICU demonstrated a HAPI rate of 47% of the total HAPI occurrences in the hospital. Goal Statement: Among intensive care patients would daily clinical skin assessment rounding, done with a wound nurse expert and bedside nurse, versus current standard practice, decrease Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries rates? Utilizing the Evidence-Based Practice Institute Conceptual Model, as well as the United States National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Staging System as a guide for this project, the certified wound expert rounded on each patient with the assigned critical care nurse and made focused Head-to-Toe assessments. Informal teaching by the wound expert was provided at the bedside with instruction on pressure relieving interventions, HAPI risk factors, and proper identifiable staging. Assessment of 450 patients demonstrated no identified stage II or greater HAPIs and a clinically relevant reduction in the incidence of pressure injuries during the project period. Benefits to patients included improved skin surveillance and early HAPI detection. An educational focus on Medical-Device Related HAPIs should be considered in future projects. Sharp Grossmont Hospital, USAÖZ Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de ebelik mesleğinin mevcut durumunu yasal düzenlemeler, eğitim ve bilimsel araştırma boyutlar ile ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma, literatüre dayalı olarak niteliksel çoklu vaka çalışması deseninde yapılmıştır. Bu desen içinde, scholar. google.com.tr web sayfası üzerinden “ebelik ve Türkiye’de ebelik” kavramları ile tarama yapılmıştır. Daha önceden bilinen kitap, makale ve diğer literatürde yer alan bilgiler elde edilmiş, sübjektif ve deneyime dayalı bilgilerden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tarihi gelişim içinde öyküsel anlatım ile sunulmuş ve gereksinim olduğunda tablolaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de ebelik yasası çalışmaları devam etmekle birlikte, ebelik eğitimi, özlük hakları, görev, yetki ve sorumlulukları ile ilgili önemli yasal düzenlemeler mevcuttur. Ebelik eğitimi uluslararası standarda ulaştırılmış ve lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora düzeylerinde verilmektedir. Ancak halen ebelik eğitiminin önemli bir bölümü, başta hemşireler olmak üzere diğer sağlık meslek üyeleri tarafından verilmektedir. Yasal düzenlemeler bulunmasına rağmen, halen ebelerin çalışma alanlarında görev, yetki ve sorumluluklarda ciddi karmaşa bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ebe ve hemşirelerin görevlerinin birbirine karıştırıldığı, ebelerden hemşirelik görevlerinin beklendiği ve ebelerin kendi yeterlik alanı dışında çalıştırıldığı ya da isteyerek çalıştıkları gözlenmektedir. Ebelikte lisansüstü eğitimin gecikmesine paralel olarak bilimsel araştırma yapma ve yayınlamadaki gelişmeler de yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de ebelik mesleğinin eğitim ve uygulanmasına ilişkin genel olarak yasal düzenlemelerin bulunmasına rağmen, mevcut uygulamalarda sonunlar olduğu ve ebelik araştırmalarının yetersiz olduğu sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Mevcut uygulamaların yasal düzenlemelere göre yeniden yapılandırılması, ebelik eğitim ve araştırmalarına ilişkin stratejik çalışmaların yapılması ile ebelik mesleğinin gelişimine katkı sağlanabilir.T purpose of this research was to examine the association between electronic bullying victimization and psychological distress in a nationally-representative sample of US high school students stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, grade level, and year. For this research, data from the pooled 2011 and 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were analyzed using the Complex Samples Module of IBM SPSS 23TM. The dependent variables used include 1) depressive symptoms, 2) suicidal ideation and 3) suicide attempts. We analyzed data using multiple logistic regression analyses for all students, and also separately for males and females. Results showed females were more likely to experience both electronic bullying victimization and psychological distress than males. There was also a significant relationship between electronic bullying victimization and psychological distress among both males and females. The relationship between grade level and psychological distress and between race/ethnicity and psychological distress were each contingent upon gender. These results show the devastating effects of electronic bullying on psychological well-being among high school students. As social media is an integral part of today’s adolescent experience, nurses and other professionals must recognize that electronic bullying victimization is distressing, and related to suicidality. Vigilant assessment and intervention within a traumainformed model of care is essential. Further research is needed to identify best practices for screening and intervention.Objective Literature suggests that the need to belong influences health and well‐being, behavioural, emotional and cognitive responses. This paper describes the impending development and validation of a toolkit for nurses to create the experience of belongingness with a team approach, for student nurses undertaking a clinical placement. Setting and Subjects The design of the toolkit will be developed from a selected Delphi panel process involving nursing experts’ experience and opinions. The toolkit will then be distributed to nurses in selected clinical areas for use during periods of clinical placements. Primary Argument Clinical placements are essential for professional socialisation in which nurses provide compelling role models for how to think, feel and act. However, students have often identified a sense of alienation through poor clinical experiences. The need to belong and be part of a team exerts a powerful influence on cognitive processes and behavioural responses. The absence of meaningful interpersonal relationships can result in failure to develop optimal clinical reasoning and critical thinking skills to manage patient care safely. Conclusion More needs to be achieved than to simply justify the core attributes of a good clinical learning environment. Understanding of the key role that clinical leaders and supervisors exert to create a belongingness environment can influence positively the attitude of other staff towards students. For a valued positive clinical learning experience to become the benchmark of best practice, it requires a structured process, a toolkit to enable nurses to comprehend the concept of belongingness and to support them in embedding this model into their role of supervision.Background: Compassion has been an attractive subject for the p ublic and the health service sector in the last decade. Nursing service without compassion leads to the pa tients’ dissatisfaction therefore compassion is required for health service practices as a guiding principle. Aim: This is a methodological study and aims to test t he reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Compassion of Others’ Lives Scale (The COOL). Methods: 349 nursing students took part in the survey resear ch between January and February 2015 and 100 students were retested. Cronbach’s alpha coefficien t has been used for the questionnaire’s reliability analysis. Results: The analysis reveals that scale items were concentr at d on two factors as it was in the original scale . The factor analysis found that the two factors expl ained 44.10% of the total variance. Factor 1, allev iat suffering subscale had the most explanatory power w ith a total variance of 34.70%. Demographic charact eristics should be taken into account while dealing with com passion. Conclusion: Turkish version of the Compassion of Others’ Lives Scale is found as a reliable and valid scale .The Compassion of Others’ Lives Scale might be helpful for measuring compassion level in health professionals.Injuries among seniors such as fall injuries are one major problem today even though various actions are taken in promoting healthy ageing and self-management. However age is one of the most important independent fall predictors since the body does change with age. A decline of visual ability is one of the natural changes and it is known that affected visual ability is one of the most predictive risk factor of falling both independently and in combination with other risk factors. In a population of independently living seniors 70 years and older (n=212) 43%, 36 men and 55 women, reported at least one fall. Both perceived and performance-based visual ability and its association to falls were investigated. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was used assessing various dimensions of self-reported vision functioning in daily life activities such as going down steps or curbs, and difficulties in noticing objects off to the side while walking along. Significant associations with falling (p<5%) were found for nine out of eleven NEI VFQ- 25 vision-related subscales for men, but none for women. However regarding performance-based visual ability such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and visual field no associations were found with falls(p<5%). The majority of the seniors presented normal performance- based visual ability even though falls were common. One reason may be that at an eye clinic the conditions are optimal and standardized and do not agree with the conditions in the seniors’ daily life where difficulties may occur. The results shows that when planning fall prevention actions it is of importance investigating seniors’ perceived visual ability when performing various daily life activities.Background: It is the right of every patient to receive necessary care appropriately, safely, and at the right time. However nurse shortages cause omission of less critical nursing tasks by nurses. The aims of the study were to examine the nature and prevalence of missed care; and to assess relationship between missed care and selected care outcomes. Methods: Mixed method was used (descriptive and intervention) to collect data from186 nurses providing direct adult care in 4 hospitals, and 120 patients/relatives. Ethical clearance was obtained from the HREC of Cross River State Ministry of Health. Nurses identified activities omitted in part or whole, or delayed in the previous seven days from a validated list of required care activities. Intervention comprised capacity building on certain care issues. Data were collected through researcher-developed and validated questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used analyse data on SPSS 18.0. Results: Most nurses (83.9%) reported they had left one or more care activities undone. At post-test experimental group mean reduced significantly. Care most missed were routine bath (34.9%), spiritual support (33.9%), assessing effectiveness of pain medication (28.0%), patient education (26.3%), pain assessment before administering medication (25.8%), etc. Others like chronic wound care and updating care plans were delayed but not totally missed. After intervention both prevalence and overall Means of missed care for experimental group reduced significantly (p = 0.001). Missed care was significantly related to all outcomes. Higher mean scores on missed care related with poor rating of outcomes, except on one outcome. Study did not consider staffing levels. Conclusion: Nurses reported frequently leaving “non-critical” care activities undone. Closer supervision is required to reduce missed care in staff. 1Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 2University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria *Corresponding author Mildred Edet John, Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, Tel: +234 8037178881; E-mail: miljohn2k@yahoo.com Submitted: 04 Oct 2016; Accepted: 24 Oct 2016; Published: 28 Oct 2016Background: To explore three schools based transitions and their impact on positive Self- Reported- Health (SRH), pre-school to elementary school (6–10 y), elementary school to junior high school ( ...E is facing a critical situation regarding the fertility indicators: the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health survey indicates that fertility has increased after more than 20 years of decline. Shortcomings in human resources including low capacities and mal-distribution of health care providers across geographic regions especially in rural areas added to the complexity. A model was implemented to increase the utilization of FP services through rotatory mobilization of resources (health care providers) from low priority area to high priority area. The study findings revealed that the percent change of the intrauterine uterine device use before and after the intervention was 51% . In addition the percent change in the number of new FP users accounted for 42%. The study concluded that tailored initiatives through low cost effective interventions within the available resources is the way to overcome the reproductive health challenges in Egypt.

The Use of CeSo to Improve Turn-Taking Skills among Students with Learning Disabilities

This research was conducted to minimize the disruptive behavior among the students with learning disability in a special education classroom. Four samples consisting of students with Autism, ADHD, multiple disabilities, Autism-ADHD, and Slow Learner were chosen as research subjects. Selection of the samples was made based on the observation and document analysis. The research methodology is based on the action research model by Lewin (1946) and Laidlaw (1992). CeSo is an abbreviation from the phrase of ceritasosial which refers to social stories in English. The social stories used in this research is entitled Giliran Saya (My turn). The implementation of social story was aided by prompts (microphone) and the elimination of prompts in the intervention. Participants of the study consisted of four students of the schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, comprising of students with learning disabilities Autism/ADHD, Autism, ADHD and Slow Learner, aged between 10 - 13 years old. Data were collected using field notes, time sampling record and an interview protocol. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using percentage, descriptive and narrative forms. Based on the results, there were reductions in non-turn-taking behavior on all the research subjects. Subjects were able to adapt the turn-taking skills and in turn showed improvement in turn-taking skills. There was also a significant improvement in class control. Through the implementation of CeSo intervention, students were able to understand the situation they faced in a positive manner. This approach is a form of teaching innovations that can be used by teachers in inclusive education in controlling discipline during the process of teaching and learning.

Kemahiran Meta-Tingkah Laku dan Kemahiran Membuat Keputusan Pelajar Bermasalah Disiplin dan Tidak Bermasalah Disiplin (Meta-Behavioral Skills and Decision-Making Skills among Students with and Without Dicipline Behavior)

Applied to grade 9 students in Jordan, this study aimed at examining the effi ciency of using the ‘learning cycle’ strategy in acquiring Arabic grammatical concepts. A sample of 124 students was approved, which was distributed over two schools (boys and girls) and in two groups. The experimental group was taught the subject instructional material through the learning cycle strategy with 29 males and 35 females, whereas the control group was taught through the same material through the traditional program with 32 males and 28 females. In terms of fi ndings, there were found statistically signifi cant differences in the subjects’ achievement in acquiring Arabic grammatical concepts, in favor of the experimental group. Statistically signifi cant differences were also found due to gender in favor of females. Whereas no statistically signifi cant differences were found due to the interaction between group/teaching strategy and gender.Additional Mathematics is an elective subject in Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). However, it is treated as a core subject for almost all the science stream students. Many students who can perform well in Modern Mathematics since primary school cannot master the Additional Mathematics. They fail to understand the concepts in Additional Mathematics. This study seeks to identify the factors that affect students in mastering Additional Mathematics at five schools in an urban area. Bayesian network is used to identify the relationship between the factors in the study and to analyze the data as it is able to represent the variables as nodes and the relationships as directed arcs. Constraint-based algorithms and score-based algorithms are used to generate the networks into several categories to compare and identify the strong relationships among the factors that affect the students’ learning of the subject. It is concluded that the new symbols and sign learned in Additional Mathematics affects the students in mastering the subject. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JPEN-2015-4002-11Substance abuse is a current and serious problem all around the globe. In fact, the number of substance abusers including school children and teenagers is growing. This study aims to identify challenges faced by secondary schools and the supports needed in the effort to curb substance abuse. A total of 18 high risk secondary schools were selected from Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka. The questionnaire survey involved a total of 258 teachers from 18 selected schools. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency counts and percentages. The results identifi ed the lack of student participation, time constraints and fi nancial problem as three main challenges in conducting drug prevention programmes in schools while the most crucial support needed by schools in organizing substance abuse programmes are material and fi nancial support, anti-drug talk/clinic and professional advice. It is recommended that substance abuse prevention programmes should involve the students’ families and the community to have better result. As for every substance abuse prevention programme held in schools, feedback from the participants should be obtained and analyzed in order to gauge the effectiveness and relevance of the programme. This study concluded that there are many challenges faced by schools in curbing substance abuse with lack of student participation, time constraints and fi nancial problem posed as the main challenges. Hence, involvement of all parties is needed to provide support needed to ensure the success of the implementation of substance abuse prevention programmes.This study examined the pattern of sexual harassment in higher institutions in Lagos state. Hypothesising, unlike researchers that there shall be a direct relationship between all identifi ed categories of sexual harassment behaviours thus: physical, verbal, non-verbal and quid pro quo and sexual harassment; and the report of sexual harassment is predicted by gender, physical sexual behaviour and quid pro quo. Six hundred students randomly selected from six higher institutions in Lagos State, responded to Pattern of Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (PSHQ). Results were analysed by the use of path analysis. The produced model adequately fi t the hypothesised model; the chi-square result χ2 (6) = 13.02, p = 0.043 0.9 all indicate suffi cient good fi tness of the model. Based on the fi ndings of the study counsellors are challenged to become more responsive than before to counselling needs of students in order to discourage sexual harassment and encourage reporting of sexual harassment.

Kemahiran meta-tingkah laku dan kemahiran membuat keputusan pelajar bermasalah disiplin dan tidak bermasalah disiplin

Meta behavioral skill is described as the processes of thought involved in producing a behavioral trait. It is expected that these skills and decision-making skills play an important role in the control of individual’s behavior. This study aimed to identify whether there are differences in the meta-behavior and decision-making skills in students without dicipline behavior and students with dicipline behavior. This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The data collection was conducted in two phases: the first phase using questionnaires while the second phase using an in-depth interviews. A total of 803 secondary school students was selected as the sample for the first phase of the study, while in the second phase, a total of eight study participants were interviewed. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) while the interview feedback were analyzed thematically. The findings show that there are a significant differences in the meta-behavior skills and decision-making skills among students from both categories. Qualitative data analysis shows meta-behavior skills and decision-making skills of students without dicipline behavior are better as compared to students with dicipline behavior. Thus it is suggested that efforts should be made to improve the skills of meta-behavior and decision making skills as one way to prevent behavior problems dicipline among students