Said Karabekiroğlu

Effects of different desensitizers and lasers on dentine tubules: An in‐vitro analysis

Dentin hypersensitivity is an important clinical problem affecting a large percentage of the population, and various therapies have been suggested for its treatment—among them desensitizing agents and lasers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of different in‐office desensitizing agents and different type lasers, alone or in combination, on human dentinal tubules.

Effectiveness of Different Preventive Programs in Cariogram Parameters of Young Adults at High Caries Risk

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different preventive programs in young adults at high caries risk using Cariogram software. Methods Sixty-six young adults with high caries risk were evaluated. Dental caries risk for all subjects was determined according to WHO criteria. Subjects were divided into three different preventive groups (control: OH, fluoride varnish: FV, and chlorhexidine varnish: CV). They were followed for 12 weeks (baseline: T0, 1 week: T1, 4 weeks: T2, and 12 weeks: T3). Plaque index, diet frequency, and salivary chairside tests (to record the flow rate, buffer capacity, and mutans streptococci and lactobacillus counts) were performed at each visit. Based on these data, ten caries-related variables were collected and inserted into the Cariogram software to calculate the predicted chance of avoiding caries for each subject. Results Significant changes were obtained about the Cariogram parameters (diet, bacteria, susceptibility, circumstances, and Cariogram risk group). No significant differences were found between the three methods regarding mean Cariogram scores after 3 months (p > 0.05). Conclusions The regular and effective short-term (three months) use of 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste, one visit application of fluoride, and chlorhexidine varnishes were effective for reducing caries risk in young adults, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram software.

Do hemostatic agents affect shear bond strength and clinical bond failure rate of orthodontic brackets

Abstract To evaluate the effects of different hemostatic agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) in vitro and clinical bond failure rate of orthodontic metal brackets in vivo. A total of 100 human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five groups: control, blood, Viscostat, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and epinephrine. Teeth were bonded with same light-cured adhesive and composite. After storage in distilled water for 24 h, thermal cycling was used as an aging procedure on all samples. The brackets were subjected to an SBS test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until bracket debonding. SBS values and the adhesive remnant index were evaluated. Ninety-nine patients (52 female, 47 males) undergoing routine orthodontic treatment were recruited for this controlled clinical study at bonding stages. All patients with bleeding on the buccal surface of any premolar tooth or teeth at bonding were included in this study. Over 6 months, the bond failure rate was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < .05). The McNemar test was used to compare bracket-bond failure. ANOVA showed a significant difference (p < .001) between the groups. No significant differences were found between the hemostatic agent groups (p > 0.05) in the in vitro part. The lowest failure rate was obtained in the control group rather than the hemostatic agent groups during clinical follow-up (p < 0.05). Each of the hemostatic agents (Viscostat, H2O2, and epinephrine) can be used for bleeding management during the orthodontic bonding process. Epinephrine application showed a high bond-failure rate at clinical follow-up.

The Importance and Role of Early Prevention Practices in Community-Based Preventive Oral Health Programs

Dental caries is a major public health problem in most countries. Caries is a chronic disease starting long before it clinically become visible in mouth. For this purpose, the focus in caries research has recently shifted to prevention of dental caries and remineralization of initial carious lesion. Knowing the causes of it cannot fully prevent it to occur. The aim of this review is to present the importance and role of early prevention practices in community-based preventive oral health programs. This article is a compilation of current concepts and scientific evidence required to understand and implement practice-based preventive oral health programs designed to improve oral health outcomes for all children and especially children at significant risk of dental caries.

Effectiveness of different preventive agents on initial occlusal and proximal caries lesions: A follow-up study

Background/purpose Monitoring the effects of different caries-preventive agents on initial caries lesions in orthodontic patients is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of different preventive methods in preventing occlusal and proximal incipient lesions (ILs) during fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods Forty-eight subjects at the beginning of fixed orthodontic treatment were included. All subjects were well educated and motivated to use the fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Total, 1450 ppm F) three times a day during the study period. Four different groups were created with a split-mouth design: placebo, fluoride gel, fluoride varnish, and chlorhexidine varnish. The occlusal surfaces of the second molar teeth were assessed with DIAGNOdent pen (DD) during the first 12 months (6th and 12th), and the proximal surfaces of each quadrant were monitored using bitewing radiographs until the 24th month (baseline and 24th month). Results The mean DD values increased in each group during the first 6 months compared to the baseline, but a significant increment was only obtained in the control and fluoride gel groups (p < 0.05). Fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish had significantly more preventive effects than the control and the fluoride gel for occlusal surfaces at the 6th and 12th month and for intact proximal surfaces at the 24th month, but no significant differences were found between the two varnish groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the four methods in terms of caries progression for proximal ILs after 24 months. Conclusion Effective toothbrushing with 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste and topical fluoride gel application seems to be inadequate for prevention of new proximal ILs during fixed orthodontic treatment. Fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish showed more protection in relation to occlusal surfaces.

Shear bond strength to enamel and failure type of different periodontal splints: an in vivo and in vitro study

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of four different splint materials [Polyethylene FRC Ribbond Thm (RB), Polyethylene FRC Construct (Kerr), Multifilament Fishing Line (MFL), and Non Fiber Reinforced Composite (control)]. Thirty-seven subjects were randomly divided into four splint methods. After splinting procedures, the subjects were recalled 12 months later. One hundred and sixty human mandibular incisors (for extracoronal and intracoronal splinting) and 40 sheep mandibles (only extracoronal splinting) were used for the in vitro part. The specimens were subjected to SBS at their incisoproximal contact, and debonding forces were measured with a universal testing machine (1 mm/min crosshead speed). Failure sites were examined under a stereomicroscope (×40 magnification). The SBS data were assessed via analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests. The survival rate was significantly affected by the splint type (RB:95.3%, Kerr:91.6%, MFL:93.5%, Control:52.5%). No statistically significant differences were found between RB, Kerr, and MFL (p > 0.05) at all in vitro parts. Intracoronal splinting showed lower SBS values than extracoronal (p < 0.05). Lower SBS values were obtained in sheep teeth than human teeth (p < 0.05). Significantly different fracture patterns were noted between groups (p < 0.05). Only resin composite application seems to be inadequate for periodontal splinting. MFL splints are also economic and quite resistant, and they might be used as an alternative to fiber-reinforced composites.

The Effect of Decalcified Root Surfaces on Dentinal Bond Strength

Microtensile bond strengths of current dentin adhesives to intact and decalcified root surfaces were evaluated. Two hundred and twenty-four extracted human incisors were divided into two groups as intact (IRD) and decalcified (DRD). The roots of DRD teeth were placed in a demineralization solution to produce artificial carious-like lesions. Root surfaces were slightly ground and treated with either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP), Adper Single Bond Plus (SBP), Adper Easy Bond (AEB), Scotchbond SE (SSE), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB), Clearfil Tri-S Bond (CTS), FL-Bond II (FLB), XP Bond (XPB), iBond (IB), AdheSE Bond (ASE), Optibond Solo Plus (OSP), Prelude Dental Adhesive (PDA), and G-Bond (GB). Composite build-ups were formed on the bonded surfaces. After thermocycling, hour-glass shaped specimens with an area of 1 mm2 at the bonded interface were subjected to microtensile testing. Resin–dentin interfaces were observed with SEM. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney-U tests were used for statistical analysis. There was not significant difference between bond strengths to intact and decalcified dentin, with the exception of ASE and CSE, which had higher values to IRD (p < 0.05). SSE and CTS were the adhesives that showed higher bond strengths to DRD than to IRD, however the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The self-etch adhesives performed better on both IRD and DRD surfaces than etch-and-rinse systems.

Okul çağindaki çocuklarda diş hekimi ziyaret sikliğinin çürük deneyimi ve ağiz sağliği faktörleri üzerine etkisi

Amac: Bu calismada okul cagindaki cocuklarda dis hekimi ziyaret sikliginin curuk deneyimi ve agiz sagligi faktorleri uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Bu calisma Selcuk Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi’ne basvuran 188 (14-16 yas arasindaki) okul cagindaki birey uzerinde gerceklestirildi. Her birey icin DMFT (Curuk, Dolgulu ve Eksik Dis Sayisi) indeksi, plak ve gingival indeks degerleri hesaplandi. DMFT indeksi degerlendirmesinde klinik muayenede Dunya Saglik Orgutu (DSO) kriterleri, radyografik degerlendirme de bitewing radyograflari kullanildi. Bireylerden cinsiyet, yas, dis hekimi ziyaret sikligi, agiz bakim aliskanliklari, anne-baba egitim duzeyi ve gelir duzeyi konularinda sorular iceren anket formunu doldurmalari istendi. Tum kayitlarin alinmasindan sonra bireyler dis hekimi ziyaret sikligina gore duzenli ve duzensiz olmak uzere iki gruba ayrildi. Istatistik analiz icin Chi-square testi kullanildi. Bulgular: Sonuclara gore duzenli dis hekimi ziyareti olan birey sayisi 47 iken, 141 bireyin duzensiz gruba girdigi bulundu. Dis hekimi ziyaret sikligina gore olusturulan gruplarda ilk dis hekimine gitme yasi (p < 0.001), curuklu (p < 0.001) ve dolgulu (p=0,029) dis sayisi ortalamasi, plak indeksi (p=0,005), dis fircalama sikligi (p=0,004) ve yatmadan once fircalama (p=0,013) acisindan anlamli derecede fark oldugu goruldu. Diger yandan cinsiyet (p=0,308), eksik dis ortalamasi (p=0,421), DMFT ortalamasi (p=0,183), gingival indeks (p=0,05), dis ipi kullanimi (p=0,101) ve gargara kullanimi (p=0,155), anne (p=0,084) ve babanin (p=0,489) egitim seviyesi ve gelir duzeyi (p=0,768) acisindan iliski bulunmadi. Sonuc: Duzenli dis hekimi ziyaretlerinin cocuklarin agiz bakiminin desteklenmesi ve genel curuk risklerinin dusurulmesi acisindan son derece onem arz ettigi dusunulmektedir.

ORTODONTİK TEDAVİ GÖREN BİREYLERDE SIGNIFICANT CARIES INDEX UYGULAMASININ ÇÜRÜK RİSKİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: PİLOT ÇALIŞMA

Aim: The effect of Significant Caries Index application on the caries risk of undergoing orthodontic treatment patients. Material and Method: Ninety subjects who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were evaluated for this study. All patients were treated with a 0,018 inch slot preadjusted fixed orthodontic appliances. An examiner used the Gorelick index for assessment of white spot lesion on the buccal surface of teeth before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The WHO (World Health Organization) criteria and bitewing radiographs were utilized to diagnose the carious status of the subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups (G1,G2,G3) according to Significant Caries Index. Results: 72 patients completed study (38 female, 34 male) whose mean age 14.7±1.63 at T1. The mean DMFT index was 3.18 and the SiC was 5.00. The mean DMFT increase was found 0.14 for all subjects. The prevalence of white spot lesion is 16.6% at T1, 59.6% of patients presented white spot lesion at T2. White spot lesion incidence was found 40%. No significant differences was found between risk groups which is formed according to Significant Caries Index, in terms of DMFT increase, occurrence and severity of white spot lesion (p>0,05). Conclusion: It was found that Significant Caries Index application are not play a decisive role on the formation of white spot lesion and DMFT index change in patients with undergoing orthodontic treatment

Birinci büyük azı dişlerde çürük gelişme riskinde sabit ortodontik tedavinin etkisi

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci sabit ortodontik tedavinin daimi birinci buyuk azi disin curuk riski uzerine etkisini detayli olarak degerlendirmekti. Gerec ve Yontemler: Sabit ortodonti tedavisi goren 74 birey (13-17 yas) bu calisma kapsaminda incelendi. Daimi birinci buyuk azi dislerin durumu uc farkli zamanda Dunya Saglik Orgutu (DSO) kriterleri kullanilarak degerlendirildi; T0=Sabit ortodontik tedaviden hemen once, T1=Sabit ortodontik tedaviden hemen sonra, T2: Sabit ortodontik tedaviden en az 12 ay sonra. Risk degerlendirmesi yapilirken klinik muayene ve bitewing radyograflardan yararlanildi. Curuk risk degerlendirmesi; birey, dis, yuzey ve white spot lezyonlar (WSL) bazinda gerceklestirildi. Birinci buyuk azi dislerin bukkal yuzeylerinde olusan WSL’i Gorelick indeksine gore incelendi. Bulgular: Calisma sonuna kadar takibi yapilan 60 hastanin (35 kiz, 25 erkek) yas ortalamasi T0’ da 14,7±0,8 olarak bulundu. Daimi birinci buyuk azi disi curukten etkilenen bireylerin yuzdesinin T0’ da %58,3, T1 zamaninda %66,6 ve T2 zamaninda %73,3 oldugu bulundu (p=0,000). T0’ da daimi birinci buyuk azi disin DMFT ortalamasi 1,50 iken, T1’ de 1,66 ve T2’ de 1,78 oldugu bulundu. T0’ da curukten en cok etkilenmis dis yuzeyi okluzal olarak bulunurken, tedavi suresince ve sonrasinda (yaklasik 37 ay) ara yuz curuklerinin artis gosterdigi goruldu. Bireylerde WSL gorulme sikligi T0’ da %25, T1’ de %58,3 ve T2’ de ise %50 olarak bulundu (p=0,000). Sonuc: Sabit ortodontik tedavi sirasinda ve sonrasinda daimi birinci buyuk azi disin curume riskinin arttigi soylenebilir.