Saira Beg

Controlling Home Appliances Remotely through Voice Command

Controlling appliances is a main part of automation. The main object of Home automation is to provide a wireless communication link of home appliances to the remote user. The main objective of this work is to make such a system which controls the home appliances remotely. This paper discusses two methods of controlling home appliances one is via voice to text SMS and other is to use the mobile as a remote control, this system will provide a benefit to the elderly and disable people and also to those who are unaware of typing an SMS.

Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of thin film kesterite solar cell

C u 2 ZnSn S 4 ( CZTS ) is a non-toxic earth abundant material and a promising quaternary semiconductor compound of groups I − I I − I V − V I having a kesterite symmetrical structure. Due to its optimum direct bandgap, it has been considered as a suitable material for absorber layers for photovoltaic cell applications. This paper presents the numerical simulation and modeling of CZTS based thin film kesterite photovoltaic cells using SCAP-1D software. The influence of device parameters such as the carrier concentration, thickness, densities of absorber, buffer and window layers, defect densities and the temperature effect on the performance of the Z n O / C d S / CZTS / M o photovoltaic cell structure are analyzed. Defect densities are added to the absorber layer and the interface between the buffer layer and the absorber layer. This type of solar cell does not comprise any toxic material and can lead to non-toxic thin film photovoltaic cells with outstanding optical properties. In this work, promising optimized results had been achieved with a conversion efficiency of 23.72%, a fill factor of 82.54%, a short-circuit current ( J s c ) of 44.87 mA / cm 2, and an open circuit voltage ( V o c ) of 0.64V. C u 2 ZnSn S 4 ( CZTS ) is a non-toxic earth abundant material and a promising quaternary semiconductor compound of groups I − I I − I V − V I having a kesterite symmetrical structure. Due to its optimum direct bandgap, it has been considered as a suitable material for absorber layers for photovoltaic cell applications. This paper presents the numerical simulation and modeling of CZTS based thin film kesterite photovoltaic cells using SCAP-1D software. The influence of device parameters such as the carrier concentration, thickness, densities of absorber, buffer and window layers, defect densities and the temperature effect on the performance of the Z n O / C d S / CZTS / M o photovoltaic cell structure are analyzed. Defect densities are added to the absorber layer and the interface between the buffer layer and the absorber layer. This type of solar cell does not comprise any toxic material and can lead to non-toxic thin film photovoltaic cells with outstanding optical properties. In this wor...

Text writing in the air

This paper presents a real-time video-based pointing method that allows the sketching and writing of English text over air in front of a mobile camera. The proposed method has two main tasks. First, it tracks the colored fingertip in the video frames and then applies English optical character reorganization over the plotted images to recognize the written characters. Moreover, the proposed method provides a natural human–system interaction without requiring a keypad, stylus, pen, glove, or any other device for character inputs. For the experiments, an application was developed using OpenCv with the JAVA language. The proposed method was tested on a Samsung Galaxy3 android mobile phone. The proposed algorithm showed an average accuracy rate of 92.083% when tested for different shaped alphabets. Here, more than 3000 different shaped characters were used. The proposed system is a software-based approach and is relevantly very simple, fast, and easy to use. It does not require sensors or any hardware other than a camera and red tape, and is applicable to all disconnected languages. It has one issue, though it is color-sensitive in that the existence of any red-colored object in the background before the start of and during the character writing can lead to false results.

Transference and retrieval of voice message over low signal strength in satellite communication

This paper presents a method of transferring voice using short messaging service in satellite communication system. The method is especially applicable in a situation where signal strength is low and voice call is not possible. In a tunnel, basement or environment with bad climate conditions, signal strength usually gets weak which make voice call difficult but SMS works in such situation. An application has been developed using J2ME language in order to test the proposed method. For experimentation, Thuraya SG-2520 satellite phone has been used.

Transference and retrieval of compress voice message over low signal strength in satellite communication

This paper presents the comparison of compression algorithms for voice transferring method over SMS in satellite communication. Voice transferring method over SMS is useful in situations when signal strength is low and due to poor signal strength voice call connection is not possible to initiate or signal dropped during voice call. This method has one serious flaw that it produces large number of SMS while converting voice into SMS. Such issue is catered to some extend by employing any compression algorithm. In this paper our major aim is to find best compression scheme for said method, for that purpose we compare 6 different types of compression algorithms which are; LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch), Huffman coding, PPM (Prediction by partial matching), Arithmetic Coding (AC), BWT (Burrows-Wheeler-Transform), LZMA (Lempel-ZivMarkov chain).This paper provides an alternative way of sending voice using satellite communication system through SMS. Voice transferring method over SMS is useful in situations when signal strength is low and due to poor signal strength voice call connection is not possible to initiate or signal is dropped during voice call. So we record voice, apply adaptive Wiener filter to remove background noise, detect voice segments using voice activity detector (VAD) and discard unvoiced segment of voice and after this apply compression. We compare six different types of compression algorithms; Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW), Huffman coding, prediction by partial matching (PPM), arithmetic coding (AC), Burrows-Wheeler-transform (BWT) and Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain (LZMA). Each compression scheme achieves an average compression ratio of 16.22, 10.22, 25.33, 14.77, 21 and 18.44 respectively. For experimentation, first we develop an application using Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) language and use Thuraya SG-2520 satellite phone. Pro...

Effect of Cu2O hole transport layer and improved minority carrier life time on the efficiency enhancement of Cu2NiSnS4 based experimental solar cell

C u 2 NiSn S 4 is a non-toxic earth abundant material and a promising quaternary semiconductor compound. Due to its optimum direct band gap, it has been considered as a suitable absorber material for photovoltaic cells. It is a conspicuous and suitable class of material for the fabrication of low cost and high efficiency thin film devices. This paper presents numerical modeling for the efficiency enhancement of C u 2 NiSn S 4 based experimental photovoltaic cells. In this work, the experimental cell results were reproduced in the SCAPS software. These simulated results are validated and compared with the experimental reference cell. C u 2 O as the hole transport layer is also proposed for further efficiency enhancement of the photovoltaic cell. After optimization of cell parameters, the power conversion efficiency of an optimized device is increased up to 4.60%. By applying the hole transport layer and analyzing the minority carrier life time, the conversion efficiency increases up to 10.35%. This work presents a novel concept in numerical modeling by analyzing the experimental solar cell, which will categorically offer new directions for the fabrication of high efficiency photovoltaic devices. C u 2 NiSn S 4 is a non-toxic earth abundant material and a promising quaternary semiconductor compound. Due to its optimum direct band gap, it has been considered as a suitable absorber material for photovoltaic cells. It is a conspicuous and suitable class of material for the fabrication of low cost and high efficiency thin film devices. This paper presents numerical modeling for the efficiency enhancement of C u 2 NiSn S 4 based experimental photovoltaic cells. In this work, the experimental cell results were reproduced in the SCAPS software. These simulated results are validated and compared with the experimental reference cell. C u 2 O as the hole transport layer is also proposed for further efficiency enhancement of the photovoltaic cell. After optimization of cell parameters, the power conversion efficiency of an optimized device is increased up to 4.60%. By applying the hole transport layer and analyzing the minority carrier life time, the conversion efficiency increases up to...

Engaging the jammer on the jammed channel in MANET

Jamming attack, in the form of either continuous or periodic, can easily be deployed in wireless network due to openness of the underlying medium. Traditional strategies do not work against jammer, therefore either nodes passively doze out till the jamming phase is over or they actively move out of the jammed region. For small devices having lesser or no mobility, channel hop is an alternate where nodes move to another channel and try to re-establish the network. If the jammer is well informed about the network, it can follow legitimate nodes on the newer channel. In this paper, we propose the idea that when the nodes resume on the newer channel, they engage the jammer on the jammed channel by alternatively visiting and sending legal packets on the network in a coordinated manner. This way, even if the jammer is intelligent, a legal packet will result in a jam-burst, i.e. pretending to be channel in use. Later, simulation results in favor of the idea are presented.