Sait Alim

Association of MMP2-1306C/T and TIMP2G-418C polymorphisms in retinal vein occlusion.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large groups of zinc-dependent proteases that play an important role in many diseases and pathological processes such as cancer, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and vascular disease. Also, it was found that the expression of MMPs was high during the initial period of thrombosis in a rat model of traumatic deep vein thrombosis. Moreover, the presence of metalloproteinase activity and endogenous inhibitor activity in vitrectomy samples are associated with neovascularization of several retinal diseases such as exudative age related maculopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal vein occlusion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association of the matrix metalloproteinase 2-1306C/T (rs 243865) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 G-418C (rs 8179090) polymorphisms with the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulated blood. Genotyping of the MMP2-1306C/T and TIMP2G-418C polymorphisms were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The MMP2-1306 T allele carriers (CT + TT) had a significantly increased risk of RVO compared with the CC homozygotes (p < 0.001, odds ratio = 4.78; 95% CI = 2.85-8.09). After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia, MMP2-1306 T allele carriers (CT + TT) also had a significantly increased risk of RVO (B = 1.453; p < 0.001; odds ratio = 4.275; 95% CI:2.529-7.224). MMP2-1306C/T, but not TIMP2G-418C, gene variants are a risk factor for the development of retinal vein occlusion.

Duration of the depressive episode is correlated with ganglion cell inner plexifrom layer and nasal retinal fiber layer thicknesses: Optical coherence tomography findings in major depression

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new, noninvasive imaging technique that has been used increasingly to diagnose and manage a variety of retinal diseases. Since the axons in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) are nonmyelinated within the retina, OCT has been used in various neurodegenerative diseases to visualize the process of neurodegeneration. Decreases in RNFL and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were observed in patients with schizophrenia. To date, there is no clinical research investigating OCT parameters in patients with MD. We compared the RNFL thickness, GCIPL thickness in 58 MD patients and 57 healthy controls, and investigated their correlation with clinical variables of depression. Depressed patients were not different from the healthy controls with regard to OCT parameters. GCIPL and nasal RNFL were correlated with the duration of the latest depressive episode. Some measures of OCT were negatively associated with clinical variables like a family history of psychiatric diagnosis and the duration of the latest episode. Larger studies including depressed patients of different severity, including structured interviews and controlling for the effect of antidepressant treatment will provide better results.

Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Methods: The study included 39 FMF patients and 36 healthy controls. After detailed ocular examination, the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL and GCIPL were measured by spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT). All measurements were taken from the right eye of the patients and controls. According to their disease severity score (DSS), the patients were divided into two groups: patients with DSS ≤5 and those with DSS >5. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in peripapillary RNFL and retinal GCIPL thickness between patients with FMF and controls. Conclusion: It appears that FMF does not affect the RNFL and GCIPL thickness.

Intraocular pressure changes: the McGrath video laryngoscope vs the Macintosh laryngoscope; a randomized trial

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of the McGrath Series 5 video laryngoscope on intraocular pressure (IOP) during laryngoscopy. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double blind. SETTING Operating room. PATIENTS Eighty adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status 1 scheduled for nonophthalmic elective surgery under general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS The endotracheal intubation was provided using McGrath series 5 video laryngoscope in MG group (n=40) or Macintosh laryngoscope in M group (n=40). MEASUREMENTS The IOP of the right and left eyes was measured before and after the laryngoscopic process. MAIN RESULTS The mean arterial blood pressure values just before laryngoscopy and intubation and after intubation were 77.38±6.18 and 97.38±12.77 in the McGrath video laryngoscope group and 75.85±7.88 and 99.12±14.30 in the Macintosh laryngoscope group, respectively. The IOP values of the left eye after intubation and at the 5th and the 10th minutes in the Macintosh laryngoscope group were found to be significantly higher than those in the McGrath video laryngoscope group (P=.019, P=.019, and P=.007, respectively). In addition, the IOP values of the right eye were found to be higher after intubation and at the 5th and the 10th minutes in the Macintosh laryngoscope group, compared to the McGrath video laryngoscope group (P=.009, P=.021, and P=.011, respectively). The mean IOP values for the left eye just before laryngoscopy and intubation and after intubation were 10.65±2.52 and 15.57±3.62 in the McGrath video laryngoscope group, and for the right eye, they were 10.60±1.64 and 17.17±2.38 in the Macintosh laryngoscope group, respectively. CONCLUSION The McGrath Series 5 video laryngoscope may provide a lower IOP level compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in an otherwise healthy, young patient population.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in children with obesity.

AIM To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head (PONH) and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in obese children. METHODS Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study. The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subjects right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups (all P>0.05). The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups. However, the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 µm for the obesity and the control group, respectively (P=0.034). CONCLUSION Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.

GENETIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS-RELATED GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN BRVO AND CRVO PATIENTS IN A TURKISH POPULATION.

Purpose: To investigate possible associations between five different single-nucleotide polymorphisms, from genes associated with arterial stiffness and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), or central retinal vein occlusion. Methods: A total of 187 patients with retinal vein occlusion (133 with BRVO and 54 with central retinal vein occlusion), and 167 controls, were enrolled in this study. All subjects were screened for hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein. The genotyping of adiponectin +276 G/T, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, eNOS E298D, and p22phox −242 C/T polymorphisms was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The percentage of the adiponectin +275 T allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (37%) than in the controls (23%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the percentage of AGTR1 1166 C allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (38%) than in the controls (24%, P < 0.001). At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +275 T allele carrier and AGTR1 1166 C allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of BRVO (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 2.278, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.370–3.789; CC vs. AA and AC: odds ratio = 1.804, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.079–3.017). The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of ACE I/D, eNOS E298D, and p22phox −242 C/T did not significantly differ between the patients with BRVO and the control subjects. There was no significant difference between the central retinal vein occlusion patients and controls for the genotype or the allele frequency distributions of all evaluated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion: Adiponectin +276 G/T and AGTR1 A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism are likely to be risk factors for BRVO.

Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness in adult-onset familial Mediterranean fever

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in adult-onset familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).MethodsForty two adult-onset FMF patients and forty two healthy controls were included in the present study. Detailed ocular examination was performed, and then the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL and GCIPL was measured by Spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The patients were divided into two groups according to their disease severity score, M694V gene mutation, colchicine dosage used per day, colchicine usage time period and number of FMF attacks per year.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in peripapillary RNFL and retinal GCIPL thickness in patients with adult-onset FMF and controls.ConclusionAccording to our study, it looks like that neither adult-onset FMF nor colchicine has any effect on the RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses. Further studies with a large sample size are needed.

Response to Letter from Dr. Salih Uzun et al. Regarding “Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever”

First of all, we thank Uzun et al. for their interest in our study. In our exclusion criteria, which we did mention in the article, were patients with cycloplegic refractive errors of more than ±1.00 diopters (D). Cegarra et al. found that there is an anatomic relationship between ocular axial length and refractive errors. Axial length changes according to refractive errors and cycloplegic refractive errors of less than ±1.00 D may not significantly affect axial length. Twenty of our patients had a M694V gene mutation and 19 of them had other gene mutations. We divided the patients into two groups: patients with M694V gene mutation and the patients with other gene mutations— and we performed the statistics again. There were no statistically significant differences in all measured parameters between the patients with M694V gene mutation and the patients with other mutations (p>0.01). All of our patients were in remission with colchicine. It would be more appropriate to compare patients who used and did not use colchicine, but we did not have such patients. Therefore we performed statistics among the patients who had already used colchicine. We divided the patients into two groups: those who used colchicine for 0–24 months and those who used it for 24–96 months—we performed the statistics again. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p>0.01). Finally, it seems that oral colchicine does not affect the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in human children.

The Relationship Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Systemic Factors

1 DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.1750 Received: 21.03.2013 Accepted: 14.05.2013 Printed: 01.11.2014 J Clin Anal Med 2014;5(6): 530-6 Corresponding Author: Ayşe Kevser Demir, Turhal Devlet Hastanesi, İç Hastalıkları Bölümü, Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak Mah. İskele Tepesi Turhal Merkez, Tokat, Türkiye. T.: +90 3562751706 GSM: +905054908201 E-Mail: kevser_gokce@hotmail.com Diyabetik Retinopati ve Sistemik Faktörler / Diabetic Retinopathy and Systemic Factors

Fakoemülsifikasyon yöntemi ile komplikasyonsuz katarakt cerrahisi sonrası erken dönem klinik sonuçlar

Purpose: To report the early time patient results of uncomplicated cataract surgery with phacoemulsification. Material and Methods: Data regarding to 401 eyes of 255 patients whom consecutively underwent to phacoemulsification surgery from January 2007 to December 2009 were evulated retrospectively. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were examined preoperative and postoperative 1st day, 1st week and 1st month. Age, gender, eye laterality, cataract types, and systemic diseases were also included. Results: The mean age of the study group [144 (56.4%) male, and 111 (43.6%) female patients] was 68 years. Of them; 109 (42.7%) patient operated from one eye and 146 (57.3%) from both eyes. At postoperative first month, 70% of the patients had spherical refraction between (from -0.50 to +0.50) diopter and 34.3% had cylindrical refraction between (from -0.50 to +0.50) diopter. Preoperative intraocular pressure was 14.1±3.0 (541) mmHg and after surgery it was 15.2±4.9 (5-41) mmHg at 1st day, 13.3±2.8 (6-23) mmHg at 1st weekand 12.6±1.9 (6-21) mmHg at 1st month (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of cataract surgery with phacoemulsification surgical technique is highly reliable. One of the most important advantages of this surgical technique is postoperative low astigmatism. In this study, emmetropia was obtained approximately in 70% of our patients.