Saitoh H

Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as potential markers of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer

PURPOSE The levels of probable markers of bony metastatic disease were measured to evaluate their efficacy as predictors of disease and therapeutic outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary pyridinoline, urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, clinically localized prostate cancer and prostate cancer with bone metastases. Also, urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were compared in 2 groups of patients with metastatic prostate cancer of the bone who demonstrated progression or positive response to treatment. Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and were normalized to urinary creatinine. RESULTS Levels of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine, and the level of alkaline phosphatase in serum from patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer were significantly greater than levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or localized prostate cancer. Serum osteocalcin levels failed to separate the 3 groups. Serial measurement of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline was correlated with a positive response to treatment (decreased) and with clinical progression of disease (increased) before detection of new bone lesions by bone scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline may provide a useful marker of prostate cancer metastatic to bone and may be useful in monitoring the response to treatment.

Two different lymph node metastatic patterns of a prostatic cancer

Among 753 autopsy prostatic cancer cases with a metastasis, 476 (63%) had a lymph node metastasis, whereas 277 (37%) did not. Two different lymph node metastatic patterns were observed: Type 1, combined metastasis involving the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes; and Type 2, metastasis to the paraaortic lymph nodes, but not to the pelvic lymph nodes. Type 1 metastasis cases showed a significantly more frequent metastasis to the bladder and rectum, and a less frequent metastasis to the lungs and liver. Hydronephrosis occurred more frequently (P < 0.01) in the Type 1. Furthermore, in the Type 1 cases the lymph node metastasis appeared to be continuously invasive, but in the Type 2 cases, metastasis appeared to be the skip type or some metastases may have spread via the vertebral vein bypass route and may have been associated with a hematogenous metastasis.

Anatomic distribution of intraprostatic lymphatics: implications for the lymphatic spread of prostate cancer-a preliminary study.

Although prostate cancer metastasizes primarily into the lymphatic system, the anatomic distribution of intraprostatic lymphatics has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution of lymphatics in the human prostate by immunohistochemical techniques, using an anti‐desmoplakin antibody.

Possible metastatic routes via portacavalshunts in renal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis

Renal adenocarcinoma findings from autopsies on patients with and without liver metastasis (635 and 936 patients, respectively) were investigated concerning the mode of metastasis. The patients with liver metastasis showed a significantly higher frequency of metastases to the lungs, lymph nodes, contralateral kidney, adrenals, pancreas, spleen, peritoneum, and intestines; in the female patients, those with liver metastasis had a higher frequency of metastasis to the ovary and uterus than patients without liver metastasis. Some of the metastases to those organs are explainable by venous spread via portacaval shunts as well as ordinary hematogenous or lymphogenous spread, especially, those to the contralateral kidney, adrenals, spleen, intestines, or ovary.

The sugar-chain heterogeneity of human γ-glutamyl transferases from the reproductive system and kidney

The sugar-chain heterogeneity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GTP, EC 2.3.2.2) from the human reproductive system (seminal plasma, prostate and testis) and kidney was investigated using the serial lectin affinity technique and their properties were compared. According to the results of serial lectin affinity chromatography, a possible sugar chains of enzymes from reproductive system were mainly of the hybrid type without fucose linkages to the innermost GlcNAc and/or the biantennary complex type sugar chains and a few were of the multiantennary complex-type with branched GlcNAc (beta 1-4) Man and bisecting complex type sugar chains. On the contrary, the major sugar chains of kidney gamma-GTP were of the multiantennary complex type and/or bisecting complex type sugar chains. Results of isoelectric focusing showed the gamma-GTP bound multiantennary complex type sugar chains to be the most acidic glycoprotein. Moreover, the biantennary type sugar chains were slightly more acidic than the high mannose and/or hybrid type sugar chains, varying with the degree of sialylation.

Need for sling surgery in patients with large cystoceles and masked stress urinary incontinence.

We studied the need for sling surgery in patients who suffered from large cystoceles and masked stress urinary incontinence.

Purification and properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human testis

Summary Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from human testis by DEAE cellulose, acetone, precipitation, fractionation by ammonium sulphate, Sephacryl S‐200 chromatography, Q‐Sepharose chromatography and S‐Sepharose chromatography following solubilization of the enzyme by Triton X‐100. The purified enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 54 KDa by Sephacryl S‐200 gel filtration. On sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two submits of molecular weight 38 KDa and 14 KDa were obtained. The purified enzyme showed a single band with pI 6.0. The Km value and the optimal pH of the enzyme for L‐γ‐glutamyl‐3‐carboxy‐4‐nitroanilide were found 1.09 mmol/l and 8.2–8.5, respectively. Serial lectin binding study with various lectin columns showed that the majority of the asparagine‐linked oligosaccharides of the enzyme was complex‐types. However, complex‐types with bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine residue were not recognized.

Polytetrafluoroethylene patch sling for type 2 or type 3 stress urinary incontinence

Abstract Background: Surgical success rates and complications of anti‐incontinence surgery were evaluated according to the type of stress incontinence and the type of surgery.

BONE-TURNOVER METABOLITES AS CLINICAL MARKERS OF BONE METASTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATIC CARCINOMA

Background: Candidate markers of prostatic metastases to bone, urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1CP), and pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP), were measured to evaluate their prognostic efficacy.

Purification and properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from the tissue of human benign prostatic hypertrophy

The enzyme of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the tissue of human benign prostatic hypertrophy and its enzyme properties were studied. The enzyme activity was detected mainly in the luminal border of the epithelium lining ducts by histochemical staining. The enzyme was purified 759-fold that of the crude extract. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 79,900 mU/mg protein. The following enzyme properties were obtained: Michaelis constant of the enzyme was 0.83 mmol/l. The molecular weight was 72 kDa, consisting of two subunits, 45 kDa and 27 kDa. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 8.5. The optimum pH ranged from 8.2 to 8.5. By Concanavalin A-sepharose affinity chromatography, more than 60% of the enzyme activity was eluted in the weakly bound fraction, suggesting biantennary complex sugar chain was the major type among the asparagine-linked sugar-chains of the enzyme.