Salah A. Elmoselhy

Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emission Modelling: An In-Depth Literature Review

Modelling of vehicle fuel consumption and emissions has emerged as an effective tool to help develop and assess vehicle technologies and to help predict vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. A review to identify the current state-of-the-art on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions modelling is elucidated. This review categorises vehicle fuel consumption and emissions models into five classifications. The relevant main models to each of these classifications are presented. These models are then compared with regard to assumptions, limitations, merits, drawbacks, characteristic parameters, data collection techniques, accuracy, and relevance to road traffic. The study demonstrates that the trends of vehicle fuel consumption and emissions provided by current models generally do satisfactorily replicate field data trends. In addition, the paper demonstrates that mesoscopic models, empirical models, mean value-based models, and quasi dimensional models strike a balance between accuracy and simplicity and thus are very suitable for transportation and control applications. The study shows as well that no one model as yet fully meets the needs of transportation applications.

Hybrid Lean-Agile Manufacturing System Strategic Facet in Automotive Sector

Recently the hybrid lean-agile manufacturing system has been proposed in order to meet the current automotive market winning order criterion of a blend of cost and availability. This study shows how strategically a hybrid lean-agile manufacturing system can be implemented. It shows statistically that almost one third of the variation in successfully dealing with the sources of competitive advantage in automotive sector can be explained by adopting the strategic facet of the hybrid lean-agile manufacturing system. The cost demanded by the implementation of the hybrid lean-agile manufacturing system can be moderated by the gained benefits of reduced operational cost and reduced time to market.

Supercharged diesel powertrain intake manifold analytical model

Diesel powertrains are some of the most well-established yet promising technologies for their many advantageous features. Although vehicle analytical models accurately describe the physical phenomena associated with vehicle operation following from the principles of physics and with explainable mathematical trends, no analytical microscopic model has been developed as yet of diesel powertrains. The present research paper presents an analytical model of the intake manifold of a supercharged diesel powertrain, equipped with an electronic throttle control (ETC). The present study analytically modelled the intake manifold dynamic pressure, the mass flow rate of air entering the cylinders, the mass flow rate at the throat of the intake manifold, the intake manifold dynamic pressure under both transient choked and non-choked conditions as well as under steady state condition, and the intake manifold gas speed dynamics. A case study has been conducted in order to experimentally validate the analytical model of the air acceleration in intake manifold with a deviation of 12.7%. The developed models serve to analyse the performance of the supercharged diesel intake manifold with respect to both the transient response and the steady state response. The present analytical models can help as well in developing and assessing diesel powertrain intake manifold technologies.

Analytical model of diesel engines exhaust NOx emission rate

Although vehicle analytical models are favourable in many cases, due to describing the physical phenomena associated with vehicle operation comprehensively based on the principles of physics with explainable mathematical trends and with extendable modelling to other vehicle types, no analytical model has been developed as yet of diesel exhaust NOx emission rate. The present paper demonstrates an analytical model of the steady speed diesel exhaust NOx emission rate. The study shows with 99.5% coefficient of determination that the average percentage of deviation of the steady speed–based simulated results from the corresponding field data is 3.7% and 6.4% for all low speed freeway cycles and for all high speed freeway cycles, respectively. The simulated results outperform their counterparts of widely recognised models, such as the CMEM.

Empirically Investigating a Hybrid Lean-Agile Design Paradigm for Mobile Robots

Abstract Lean design and agile design paradigms have been proposed for designing robots; yet, none of them could strike a balance between cost-effectiveness and short duration of the design process without compromising the quality of performance. The present article identifies the key determinants of the mobile robots development process. It also identifies empirically the mobile robot design activities and strategies with the most influence on mobile robot performance. The study identified statistically the mobile robot design activities and strategies most positively correlated with mobile robot performance. The results showed that 65% of typical mobile robot design activities and strategies are affiliated with the lean design paradigm, while the remaining 35% are affiliated with the agile design paradigm. In addition, it was found that 22% of the lean mobile robot design activities and strategies and 25% of the agile mobile robot design activities and strategies, significantly with 99% confidence, are among the design activities and strategies most positively correlated with improving mobile robot performance. A hybrid lean-agile design paradigm is thus proposed.

Design and Shape Optimization of Hybrid Micro-Composite E-Springs for Vehicle Suspension Systems

Hybrid Micro-composite E-springs are an optimized trend of springs first introduced to vehicle suspension systems. At first, a comparison between E-shape and other spring shapes is held theoretically. This theoretical comparison is verified numerically. The E-shape has proved to be the best shape in this comparison striking a balance between spring vertical deflection and maximum induced stress. Next, shape optimization of a hybrid micro-composite E-spring is conducted. At last, a thermoplastic-based hybrid micro-composite structure of the optimized E-spring is modified at micro-scale with additives of micrometer-sized particles of mineral clay. The proposed spring is presented in new passive and semi-active suspension mechanisms, displacing and remedying drawbacks of both the hydraulic dampers and steel springs.Copyright

Experimental Analysis of Laminated Fibrous Micro-Composite E-Springs for Vehicle Suspension Systems

Laminated fibrous micro-composite E-spring is an optimized trend of springs for vehicle suspension systems. The mechanical and frequency-response-based properties of these springs are investigated experimentally at both of the structural and constitutional levels. Thermoplastic-based and thermoset-based fibrous composite structures of the E-springs are modified at micro-scale with various additives and consequently they are compared. The experimental results reveal that additives of micrometer-sized particles of E-glass fibers as well as mineral clay to an ISO-phthalic polyester resin of the micro-composite E-spring can demonstrate superior characteristics that can surpass those of the traditional steel springs. Accordingly, micro-composite E-springs can displace both of the hydraulic dampers and steel springs in both of the passive and semi-active suspension systems in a reliable, simple, and cost-effective way.Copyright