Salama Manjang

The Radial Distribution of Temperature in XLPE Cable an Analysis The Finite Element Numerical Method

This paper presents the result of study on radial temperature distribution of XLPE cable. The distribution characteristic analyzed with the method of finite element. Result obtained indicates that the radial temperature distribution of the XLPE cable do not flattened distribution. It is showed that the highest distribution radial temperature in the conductor shares, while the cable insulation near grounded showed lower distribution temperature as according to given boundary condition. The work temperature maximum of the XLPE cable only at 90degC. Therefore the maximum current enabled in the XLPE cable is 72.5 kV equivalent 640 A at boundary condition 323degK (50degC) and 800 A at boundary condition 305degK (32degC)

Characteristics of high voltage polymer insulator under accelerated artificial tropical climate multi stress aging

The objective of the research is to find (1) The characteristic of surface leakage current of the polymer insulator under the artificial multi stress, (2) Investigating the tropical climate factors which could influence of the surface leakage current of the polymer insulator, (3) The most influential climate factor towards the characteristics of the surface leakage current of the polymer insulator, (4) A comparison of the surface leakage current of the polymer insulator with a ceramic or a glass insulator if they were used in the area tropical climate. The methods used were making design concept of chamber construction and it accessories, designing it, so it could be well functioned and useful. The tests are carried in several stages and the result of the research reveals that the characteristic of the surface leakage current of polymer insulators SIR is much smaller and more stable than ceramic insulator and glass insulator. The test, by blowing the various artificial tropical climate pressure, indicates that the surface leakage current of the polymer insulator SIR is very small for all types of the tropical climate impacts and the smallest comparison occurs when it is blown by the pollution of salty fog in which the average comparison achieves 1:3.14:4.26 towards ceramic and glass insulator. The difference of the lowest leakage current reaches the average of 72.03 % towards the ceramic insulator and 58.21% towards the glass insulator.

Photovoltaic system powering automatic control of air circulation

The demand of cooling system in equator region is significantly high due to the hot ambient temperature. One advantage in this region is the high intensity of sunlight that is potential for solar energy system application. For these reasons, the innovation of cooling system design is recommended by changing the perspective of conventional of air conditioning system to cooling fan powered by photovoltaic system. In our proposed design, the temperature sensors of LM35 are used to collect temperature information inside and outside room prototype, respectively. Both temperature measurements are processed in the control system which is very simple because only depending on the temperature threshold for the ON/OFF operations of cooling fan. The control circuit is developed with electronic components and microcontroller ATmega8535 to translate the program written in Codevision AVR software for air circulation task. The prototype system has been tested in clear and cloudy sky environment and the testing results may provide different responses on system prototype and confirm the temperature control system performs properly.

Leakage Current Patterns on Artificially Polluted Porcelain and Polymer Insulator

This paper presents results and analysis of different leakage current waveforms on porcelain and polymeric insulator material during the clean and pollution contamination under laboratory conditions. The artificial pollution is a combination kaolin and kieselguhr. The resulting leakage current waveforms recorded with different time lapses after contamination are comparing both in, time and frequency domains. The evaluation of insulator surface condition is compared leakage current behavior with hydrophobic degree (contact angle of water drop) on the insulator surface. The experiment result showed that the ceramics insulator has leakage current of surface too different than polymer insulator in dry clean, wet, and polluted conditions. This in caused by polymer isolation had hydrophobic, meanwhile ceramics isolator has hydrophilic

Thermal Plants Optimization Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Interconnection electric power system has thermal power plants., such South Sulawesi, fuel cost is an important element in operating interconnection electric power system. Totally, in the operational cost of generation, fuel price is the greater part. And, the fuel price tends to raise from time to time. Therefore, it makes effort to cut down on the operational cost by decreasing fuel cost until minimum level. One of the methods used in handling production cost of thermal power plants is fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Logic is one of the soft computing methods with capacity to process of uncertain data, imprecision and could be implemented with lower cost. This paper discusses how to optimize the output power of thermal plants unit by including generator limits, and calculating transmission losses in interconnection electric power system. Optimization method used is fuzzy logic controller with patron based on output La Grange method

Design analysis of ceramic and polymer 150 kV insulators for tropical condition using quickfield software

This research is to analyze design of ceramic and polymer 150 kV insulators for the tropical area. The use of an insulator certainly requires an electric field. The leakage current and breakdown voltage this happens the contaminant on the surface of the insulator. This type of contaminant can be rain, dust, salt air, extreme weather (much in tropical climates), industrial pollutants and cracks on the surface resulting in collisions. The method used in this research is magnetic field and electric field isolator using Quicfield software. To get the test results variation ranges 20 kV, 70 kV and 150 kV. Side effects of magnetic and electric fields around the insulator. The simulation results show the accumulated contaminants on the surface. Planning should be done in insulator insulator on unstable insulator. Thus, the approach using this commercially available software can be applied to. Therefore, the development of further simulations on the different types of composite insulators used on.

Water level monitoring using ultrasonic-pipe in open channel

The authors proposed a method for measuring the water level in open channel which is accurate, low cost, and simple. Getting the accurate measurement in open channel is more difficult than in closed channel because there is an influence of external factors such as the formation of the wave, irregular channel structures and floating objects on the water surface. To resolve those problems, a new sensor device is proposed that can measure the water level accurately and simply. The device consists of a combination of JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensors and iron pipe, it is developed by using ATMEGA328 microcontroller system. The device can measure the water level changes accurately because in a state of stationary and flat. The comparison result between measuring visually and JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor is included. This device can record the results of sensor measurements in every second into the SD-card for the purpose of further analysis.

Effect of water diffusion on dielectric behavior of polymer insulators

Polymers as high voltage insulatoion materials has become an alternative option replaces the insulating material made of ceramic and glass. Different with other insulators, polymer has an advantage in dielectric properties, volume resistivity, thermal properties, mechanical strength and light weight. Beside that the polymer insulator has a water-repellent properties (hydrophobicity), although various advantages of polymer insulator, but the material is a synthetic material that is generally vulnerable to climate, pollution and exposure to high electric field. The influence of inertia and heavy rainfall can lead to erosion of the surface of the polymer insulator. The different between Partial pressure is different between the materials and environmental conditions allows the diffusion process. Attempts to increase the stability of polymers against degradation due to aging continues to be done by adding fillers, which in this study we utilize the waste coal fly ash as filler material. Some important parameters to determine the performance of the polymer insulator silicon rubber which is the goal of research that is to know the value of the dielectric constant, and the contact angle of the insulator material by providing treatment concentration of coal fly ash filler are different and how they affect the process of diffusion of water into a test object, so will obtained polymer insulator dielectric characteristic difference before and after the diffusion process takes place. The test results showed that the influence of the diffusion of water will worsen the state of the insulator as indicated by the rising and falling relative permittivity hydrophobic nature of the test material. Beside that the addition of filler also took part in influencing the dielectric properties of the polymer insulator silicone rubber (SIR).

Modelling and numerical simulation of multiple one way gearswave energy converter to generate electricity

An ocean wave energy converter which uses multiple oneway gears combined with mooringbuoys and counter weight mechanism for producing continuous unidirectional rotation to generate electricity was studied by modelling and numerical simulation. The studied concept consists of more then one moored buoys using chain on oneway gears combined with counter weight mass which uses to keep the chain stright. These convert instantaneous power of incoming wave power and drive electric generator coupled with unidirectional rotating shaft. Mathematical model describing the vertical oscillation of the ocean wave energy converter is presented. Mathematical analysis and modelling shows that utilization of oneway gears connected to rotating shaft are able to rotate unidirectionally. Energy conversion resembles the full wave rectifier principles in power electronics that maximize yielded energy from sea wave. The Mathematical model derived from a series of analysis was utilised to carry out computer simulation using matlab software package. Simulation result showed that wave height variation gave significant influence on harvested energy from sea wave.

Analysis of power losses of the 150 kV transmission using Poynting vector

If a conductor given voltage, then there will be electric field and magnetic field along the conductor, as a result of sinusoidal waves which change with time. Besides, it will cause the power loss along the conductor, especially for long lines and has a high voltage. The main purpose of this study was to determine power loss that occurs in the 150 kV overhead. One of effective method to calculate the power loss in the transmission line is the Poynting vector theorem is analyzed based on the amount of the electric field and magnetic field intensity generated. Based on the results of the analysis conducted in this study found that the magnitude of power loss at lines 150 kV with a routes SUTT Bakarul-Pinrang-Tuppu, Pinrang - Pare-pare, Pare-pare - barru-Pangkep, and Pangkep-Bosowa-Tello amounted to 5.4505 MW with a total transmission line length of 230.138 km.