Salem F. Hegazy

Simultaneous Suppression of Time-Delay Signature in Intensity and Phase of Dual-Channel Chaos Communication

In this paper, we propose a novel dual-channel optical chaos system with a time-delay (TD) feature simultaneously suppressed in all observables, i.e., in both intensity and phase. A hybrid optical and electro-optic feedback for a single vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is verified to induce simultaneous TD suppression for the polarization-resolved components of the chaotic output. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to incorporate the optical and electro-optic time delays into the rate equations of the VCSEL. The suppression of TD signature is then examined by means of autocorrelation function and delayed mutual information. The results show that the output chaotic signal has the TD feature well eliminated in both the intensity and phase over certain regions of parameter space identified using the peak signal to mean ratio technique. The independent evolution of the two orthogonal VCSEL modes renders the polarization-resolved output modes appropriate for the enhanced dual-channel chaos applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a dual-channel chaos communication system is reported with simultaneous suppression of the TD feature in all the transmitted observables.

Relative-phase and time-delay maps all over the emission cone of hyperentangled photon source

Abstract. Realizing high flux of hyperentangled photons requires collecting photon pairs simultaneously entangled in multiple degrees of freedom over relatively wide spectral and angular emission ranges. We consider the hyperentangled photons produced by superimposing noncollinear spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) emissions of two crossed and coherently pumped nonlinear crystals. We present an approach for determining the directional-spectral relative-phase and time-delay maps of hyperentangled photons all over the SPDC emission cone. A vectorial representation is adopted for all parameters of concern. This enables us to examine unconventional arrangements such as the autocompensation of relative-phase and time-delay via oblique pump incidence. While prior works often adopt first-order approximation, it is shown that the actual directional relative-phase map is very well approximated by a quadratic function of the polar angle of the two-photon emission while negligibly varying with the azimuthal angle.

Numerical analysis of ultrafast physical random number generator using dual-channel optical chaos

Abstract. Fast physical random number generators (PRNGs) are essential elements in the development of many modern applications. We numerically demonstrate an extraction scheme to establish an ultrafast PRNG using dual-channel optical-chaos source. Simultaneous suppression of time-delay signature in all observables of the output is verified using autocorrelation-function method. The proposed technique compares the level of the chaotic signal at time t with M levels of its delayed version. The comparators [1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)] are triggered using a clock subject to an incremental delay. All the delays of the chaotic signal before the ADCs and the relative delays of the clock are mutually incommensurable. The outputs of the ADCs are then combined using parity-check logic to produce physically true random numbers. The randomness quality of the generated random bits is evaluated by the statistical tests of National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-22. The results verify that all tests are passed from M=1 to M=39 at sampling rate up to 34.5 GHz, which indicates that the maximum generation rate of random bits is 2.691  Tb/s without employing any preprocessing techniques. This rate, to the best of our knowledge, is higher than any previously reported PRNG.

A new technique for ultrafast physical random number generation using optical chaos

In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a new extraction scheme for generating ultra-fast physically random sequence of bits. For this purpose, we utilize a dual-channel optical chaos source with suppressed time delayed (TD) signature in both the intensity and the phase of its two channels. The proposed technique uses M 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to compare the level of the chaotic intensity signal at time t with its levels after incommensurable delay-interval Tm, where m = {1,2, … , M}. The binary output of each 1-bit ADC is then sampled by a positive-edge-triggered D flip flop. The clock sequence applied to the flip-flops is relatively delayed such that the rising edge of the clock triggering the m flip-flop precedes the rising edge of the clock of a subsequent m+1 flip-flop by a fixed period. The outputs of all flip flops are then combined by means of a parity-check logic. Numerical simulations are carried out using values of parameters at which TD signature is suppressed for chosen values of setup parameters. The 15 statistical tests in Special Publication 800-22 from NIST are applied to the generated random bits in order to examine the randomness quality of these bits for different values of M. The results show that all tests are passed from M = 1 to M = 39 at sampling rate up to 34.5 GHz which indicates that the maximum generation rate of random bits is 2.691 Tb/sec using a chaotic source of single VCSEL and without employing any pre-processing techniques.

Performance evaluation of hybrid DPSK-MPPM techniques in long-haul optical transmission

The performance of DBPSK-MPPM technique is evaluated in long-haul transmission using GN-model. The BER expression is extended to address fiber nonlinearity. Results show that fiber nonlinearity effects are more significant in DBPSK-MPPM than traditional ones.

Suppressed time delay signature in chaotic nanolasers with hybrid feedback

In this paper, we investigate the presence of time delay (TD) signature in the chaotic emission of semiconductor metalclad nanolasers subject to different types of optical feedbacks (OFs). We first examine the TD signatures in the cases when all-optical feedback via either conventional mirror, phase conjugate mirror, or grating mirror is employed. Second, we propose a mixed all-optical / electrooptic feedback scheme for concurrent suppression of TD feature in chaotic output emission. The mathematical model for proposed scheme is presented to integrate both the optical and electrooptic time delays. The concealment of TD signature is then investigated by means of the autocorrelation function. The results reveal that the chaotic output signal in each case has well eliminated TD signature at particular operational regions within which the system is more appropriate for applications related to secure communications and ultra-fast physical random number generators.

Transmission of polarization quantum state through a fiber optic channel by swapped time-bin state

The time-bin quantum state is known to be highly robust against decoherence effects in both fiber-optic and atmospheric channels, a unique feature that renders the time degree of freedom (DOF) more appropriate for quantum communication in these channels. In this paper, we present a scheme to deliver with high fidelity an arbitrary, unknown quantum state in polarization or spatial DOFs over a stochastic channel without need for compensation. The sender swaps the polarization or spatial quantum state for a time-bin state of the photon before signaling it over the random channel, and the receiver swaps the state back. Because the signaled photon is assumed to be in a single spatial or polarization mode, no modal-dependent channel effects perturb the time-bin state. We find that by migration to the time bin, the fidelity of the transferred state is boosted by a margin dependent on the time-bin period and the standard deviations of the statistical parameters of the channel.

Tunable spatial compensation for polarization entangled photons

The polarization entangled state produced via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) has relativephase maps in frequency and momentum domains which give an almost complete picture about the distinguishability and purity loss in the conjugate time and space domains. We demonstrate experimentally the tunable compensation of directional relative-phase profile for entangled photons generated by two cascaded / crossed crystals and captured over ultra-wide spatial window. We use a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) programmable via a personal computer to flatten (or correct for) the spatial relative-phase profile and also to add on-demand spatial phase profile. A fast, yet accurate, technique is introduced for frequent relative-phase measurements based on the tilt angle of a quarter wave plate (QWP) acting on the diagonally polarized pump beam and nulling the relative-phase of the entangled state at that direction. Our experimental measurements verify previous theoretical models for tunable compensation of the polarization two-photon state produced by the cascaded crystals arrangement.

Time delay signature of chaotic nanolasers and its concealment

In this paper, we investigate the presence of time delay (TD) signature in chaotic intensity outputs of nanolasers subject to different optical feedbacks (OFs). Simulation results reveal the occurrence of obvious TD feature for the cases where conventional, phase conjugate and grating mirror feedbacks are employed. So, a proposed scheme for generating optical chaos with concealed TD signature is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of previously mentioned OFs and render the system more appropriate for applications of secure communications and fast physical random number generators.

Chaotic DPSK-MPPM modulation technique for a physically secure and highly robust optical communication system

In this paper, we present a novel chaotic hybrid DPSK-MPPM modulation technique which is ultimately secure, spectrally efficient, and highly detection-sensitive. The position and phase information are perturbed by two variables of 2D chaotic map. The BER performance of the proposed scheme is then evaluated numerically and compared with that of the CPPM.