Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro

Framingham cardiovascular risk in patients with obesity and periodontitis

Background: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition that has been associated to a risk factor for the development of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease; however, the relationship still needs to be clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in obese patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 obese patients were evaluated for anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, body fat), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glycemia and periodontal parameters (visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to the periodontal characteristics found: Group O-PD: Obese patients with chronic periodontitis (n = 45), 22 men and 23 women; and Group O-sPD: Obese patients without chronic periodontitis (n = 42), 17 men and 25 women. Patients had a BMI mean of 35.2 (±5.1) kg/m2 . Group O-PD showed a similarity between the genders regarding age, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, HDL, GBI, VPI, PPD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥4 mm. O-PD women showed greater glycemia level and smoking occurrence, but O-PD men presented a 13% - risk over of developing coronary artery disease in 10 years than O-PD women, 9% - risk over than O-sPD men and 15% - risk over than O-sPD women, by the Framingham Score. Conclusions: It was concluded that obesity and periodontal disease are cardiovascular risk factors and that the two associated inflammatory conditions potentially increases the risk for heart diseases.

Cardiovascular risk in obese patients with chronic periodontitis: a clinical controlled study

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease and cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in obese patients with and without periodontal. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred patients were divided into four groups: Group O - obese without chronic periodontitis (n=25); Group OP - obese with chronic periodontitis (n=25); Group NO - non-obese without chronic periodontitis (n=25); and Group NOP - non-obese with chronic periodontitis (n=25). Demographic and laboratorial data (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein - HDL and low-density lipoprotein - LDL, triglycerides, and glucose); anthropometric measurements (body mass index - BMI; waist circumference - WC; body fat - BF); blood pressure; and periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing - BOP, periodontal probing depth - PPD, and the clinical attachment level - CAL) were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk was obtained according to the PROCAMs score. The correlation between obesity, periodontal disease and risk for CVD was verified by Spearmans test (α = 0.05). RESULT: The group OP showed a statistically higher rate of PPD > 7 mm (11.2 ± 2.03) when compared with other groups, as well as higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL (p<0.05). The risk for CVD was statistically higher in the group OP (28.1 ± 3.3) when compared with group O (16.5 ± 3.5), group NOP (12.8 ± 3.9), and group NO (7.7 ± 0.9). Obesity and periodontal disease are directly related to a moderate increase in CVD risk (r = 0.53, p <0.0001 and r = 0.62, p <0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that obesity and periodontal disease increases the risk to cardiovascular events.

Cuidado farmacêutico a um portador de diabetes: relato de caso

The services provided on pharmaceutical care field in primary care include the logistical actions relating to the selection, programming, acquisition, storage and distribution of medicines and health care activities of pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to carry out the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring in a user with diabetes mellitus registered and monitored in the Family Health Strategy in the of Sao Luis / MA. The data collected were through the accomplishment of a descriptive exploratory study in quantitative approach, using the direct observation technique and the Pharmaceutical Care Route proposed by the Ministry of Health’s Pharmacological Care Notebook, adapted. An analysis of your evaluated pharmacotherapy for the detection of possible Drug Related Problems (PRMs) and the development of pharmaceutical interventions to try to resolve them and / or to alleviate them. It was found that as interventions identified 5 PRM and promoted improvement in quality of life and greater adherence to its therapy.

Elevação de níveis pressórios em uma comunidade quilombola

Objective: To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure levels in a quilombo community. Methods: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study with a nonprobability sample in the Boca da Mata Quilombo Community (Maranhao) from December 2013 to April 2014 with 67 families. Sociodemographic and health/disease data were collected and blood pressure, weight and height were measured. The Chi-Squared test was used to check for associations between variables with p≤0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 74 individuals with a mean age of 43 (± 19.17) years – 63.51% (n=47) were women and 36.49% (n=27) were men. In all, 36.49% (n=27) of the participants had high blood pressure levels, and 17.57% (n=13) of these had a previous diagnosis of hypertension and reported using antihypertensive drugs. Of the participants previously diagnosed with hypertension, 38.4% (n=5) did not present with controlled blood pressure (greater than 140/90 mmHg). Of the participants with altered blood pressure, 42.55% (n=20) were women. As for the anthropometric data, the mean body mass index was 23.43 Kg/m2, with 22.22% (n=18) of the sample with excess weight. Conclusion: The community presents a high prevalence of Quilombolas with high blood pressure levels.

Association Between Serum Ferritin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Brazilians

Background: Previous studies have pointed to a relation between high serum levels of ferritin and insulin resistance. Objective: To analyze the association between the serum concentrations of ferritin and resistance to insulin, and metabolism of glucose, in nondiabetic persons. Method: A transversal study was undertaken with 151 nondiabetic persons in Sao Luis, Brazil, in 2013. The following biochemical variables were analyzed: glycated hemoglobin, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, serum ferritin and high-sensitivity C reactive proteins (hs-CRP). Results: Among the participants with high levels of ferritin, approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, also had raised LDL-C (p=0.040) and hs-CRP (p=0.021). Prediabetes (p=0.016) and insulin resistance (p=0.026) had a statistically significant association with high levels of ferritin. The participants with raised ferritin also had double the probability of having raised hs-CRP (odds ratio = 2.29 / p=0.036). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association between prediabetes and insulin resistance and raised levels of ferritin.

Quantitative methods in electroencephalography to access therapeutic response.

Pharmacometrics or Quantitative Pharmacology aims to quantitatively analyze the interaction between drugs and patients whose tripod: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease monitoring to identify variability in drug response. Being the subject of central interest in the training of pharmacists, this work was out with a view to promoting this idea on methods to access the therapeutic response of drugs with central action. This paper discusses quantitative methods (Fast Fourier Transform, Magnitude Square Coherence, Conditional Entropy, Generalised Linear semi-canonical Correlation Analysis, Statistical Parametric Network and Mutual Information Function) used to evaluate the EEG signals obtained after administration regimen of drugs, the main findings and their clinical relevance, pointing it as a contribution to construction of different pharmaceutical practice. Peter Anderer et. al in 2000 showed the effect of 20mg of buspirone in 20 healthy subjects after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8h after oral ingestion of the drug. The areas of increased power of the theta frequency occurred mainly in the temporo-occipital - parietal region. It has been shown by Sampaio et al., 2007 that the use of bromazepam, which allows the release of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system could theoretically promote dissociation of cortical functional areas, a decrease of functional connectivity, a decrease of cognitive functions by means of smaller coherence (electrophysiological magnitude measured from the EEG by software) values. Ahmad Khodayari-Rostamabad et al. in 2015 talk that such a measure could be a useful clinical tool potentially to assess adverse effects of opioids and hence give rise to treatment guidelines. There was the relation between changes in pain intensity and brain sources (at maximum activity locations) during remifentanil infusion despite its potent analgesic effect. The statement of mathematical and computational aspects in the use of clinical data is frequent and elucidation of these aspects we use PhysioNet https://www.physionet.org/, Clinical Database online supported by the National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health of United States of America/NIH-USA) for the acquisition of EEG data and the Matlab program to do the simulations with the methods and thus create opportunities greater understanding.