Sally Lloyd-Evans

The City in the Developing World

1. The Nature and Scale of Urbanisation in the Developing World 2. Third World Urbanisation and Development: Theoretical Perspectives 3. National Urban Systems and Global Development 4. National Urban Development Strategies 5. Urbanisation and Basic Needs: Education, Health and Food 6. The Structure and Morphology of Cities in Developing Areas: Can we Generalise?7. Housing and Shelter in Third World Cities: Rags and Riches 8. Employment and Work in the Developing World City 9. Cities and Environmental Sustainability in the Developing World 10. The Future of the City in the Developing World: the Policy Agenda

Shaping children's mobilities: expectations of gendered parenting in the English rural idyll

This paper explores the impact of local parenting practices and childrens everyday use of public space within two villages in the rural South West of England, an issue that has been underexplored in recent research. Drawing upon the concept of hybridity, it explores the interplay between the social, natural and material in shaping local cultures of rural parenting. The paper begins by drawing upon recent research on parenting in the global North, the gendering of rural space and hybridity to show how these bodies of work can be interlinked to better understand rural parenting practices and norms. Through empirical research that focused on the relationships between gendered parenting strategies, idealised notions of rural motherhood and materiality, the paper explores the diverse ways in which a group of working and middle-class mothers construct and define ideas about their childrens lives and mobilities. Whilst dominant discourses of rurality focus upon the idyll, and gendered identities of rural women still remain within the domestic sphere, so we examine how these deeply embedded notions of ‘normality’ can be powerful social tools in rural villages, mobilised through discourses of materiality and anxiety. In our conclusions, we argue that the hybrid integration of the material and social provides a useful framework for understanding the everyday geographies of rural parenting.

Key concepts in development geography

Introduction Understanding Development Introduction Meanings of Development Measuring Development Space and Development Defining and Measuring Poverty The Millennium Development Goals Theory and Practice of Development Introduction Modernity, Modernization, Postmodernism and Post-Structuralism Radical Approaches to Development Neo-Liberalism and Globalization The Development Programmes of Global Institutions Sustainable Development and Environmental Sustainability Work, Employment and Development Introduction Rural Livelihoods and Sustainable Communities Industrialization and the New International Division of Labour Decent Work, Risk and the Informal Sector The Digital Economy and New Spaces of Work Global Trade, Aid and Regulation People, Culture and Development Introduction Gender, Households and Development Children, Youth and Development Health, Disability and Development Sexualities and Development Ageing and Development Contemporary Issues in Development Introduction Culture and Human Rights Civil Society, Social Capital and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Migration, Transnationalism and Development Tobin-Type Taxes

Third World Cities

The term ‘Third World city’ has been widely applied in urban and development geographies since the 1960s, and stems from a notion that there are distinct differences between cities in the developing and developed worlds. For the first time in history, the world is now predominantly urban, with most population growth occurring in towns and cities in the Global South. This chapter deconstructs the ‘Third World city’ concept before exploring the main schools of thought that have explored Third World cities since the 1950s: dualist interpretations of ‘Third World city’ structure; cities as theaters of accumulation and centers of diffusion; models of ‘Third World city’ structure; globalization and Third World cities; urban poverty, livelihoods, and sustainable cities; and spatial diversity within Third World cities. The latter section includes a discussion of prominent issues facing cities in the South, such as housing, livelihoods and the informal sector, gender and urban space, and cities for children. It concludes by arguing that the scale and extent of urban social inequalities in Third World cities suggest that they are not following exactly the same trajectories as Western cities.