Sally S. Martin

Children's acquisition of early literacy skills: examining family contributions

Abstract A study of 143 families and their preschool-age children was undertaken to examine the relationship between the family environment and children’s language and literacy skills. This research was guided by three models hypothesized by Snow, Barnes, Chandler, Goodman, and Hemphill (1991) to explain the family’s contribution to children’s acquisition of language and literacy. The three theoretical models examined in this study were: Family as Educator, Resilient Family, and Parent–Child Care Partnership. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling were used to estimate latent constructs and structural models, respectively. Results showed that only the Family as Educator model was significantly related to child language and literacy outcomes (i.e., book-related knowledge, receptive language skills, and expressive language skills). Implications for future researchers and educational practice are discussed.

Contributions of the home literacy environment to preschool‐aged children’s emerging literacy and language skills

This paper reports on a study that examined both the concurrent and logitudinal connections between multiple components of the home environment and indicators of preschool‐aged children’s literacy and language development. Data were collected from 85 parents and their children at two different times. Results of structural path models indicated that (a) parental literacy habits were positively associated with parental reading beliefs, (b) parental reading beliefs were positively associated with parent–child literacy and language activities in the home, and (c) parent–child literacy and language activities were positively associated with children’s print knowledge and reading interest. Parental demographic characteristics were associated with children’s expressive and receptive language skills. The results highlight how different components of the home literacy environment are associated with different components of preschool‐aged children’s literacy and language abilities, findings that become more important as educators and policy‐makers look for ways to enhance children’s literacy and language development.

Mothers' Literacy Beliefs: Connections with the Home Literacy Environment and Pre-School Children's Literacy Development.

This study examined mothers’ beliefs about literacy development, the association of those beliefs with other aspects of the home literacy environment, and connections between parental literacy beliefs and pre-school aged children’s literacy development. Data were collected from 79 mothers and their children over one year, and two profiles of parental literacy beliefs emerged. ‘Facilitative’ mothers believed that taking an active role in teaching children at home would provide opportunities for their children to gain vocabulary, knowledge, and morals. ‘Conventional’ mothers expressed the belief that schools, more than parents, are responsible for teaching children and tended to report many challenges to reading with children. Homes with Facilitative mothers tended to be more literacy enriching than homes of Conventional mothers, and children with Facilitative mothers displayed more advanced print knowledge and interest in reading. These findings have implications for understanding the connections among parental literacy beliefs, home literacy environments, and children’s literacy outcomes.

Pathways to Literacy: Connections between Family Assets and Preschool Children's Emergent Literacy Skills.

Using a developmental assets framework, we examined the influences of family resources, routines, and stress on preschool-aged children’s emerging literacy development. Data were collected from 85 children as well as from their parents. Using path analysis, the results revealed that the more regular the routines in the household, the more likely parents were to engage their children in literacy enhancing activities, and in turn the higher the children’s print knowledge and reading interest. This was the case both initially and a year later. Results also showed that family resources and stress contributed to aspects of literacy development, although not as strongly as family routines. The findings suggest that interventions should include efforts to promote supportive family contexts as an additional means to enhance children’s literacy development.

Language development in the years before school: a comparison of developmental assets in home and child care settings

In this paper, we examine the influences of two settings—home and child care—on the development of children’s speaking and listening skills before they begin formal schooling. We propose that a developmental assets approach, one that focuses on strengths of these settings, can help our understanding of the development of young children’s language skills and in the enrichment of those skills. In bringing together the research of others as well as our own work, we provide evidence of the contributions of the developmental assets in the home and child care settings alone, as well as combined, to preschool children’s language development. Furthermore, these contributions seem to have long‐term impacts. We conclude by discussing the contributions a developmental assets approach can offer to the study of the language development of young children.

Family Guided Sex Education: An Impact Study

The authors describe the content of the Family Guided Sex Education booklet and compare two methods for disseminating the information. Results indicated that parents make positive gains in their role as sex educator when they receive the booklet through the mail or attend a parent meeting.