Salmiah Mohamad Amin

Developing an Islamic corporate social responsibility model (ICSR)

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop an Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) model. Design/methodology/approach – Based on Qur’anic verses and previous literature, the authors aim to develop an ICSR model with an extension of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory of Carroll (1979). Findings – This study extends the theory of Carroll (1979) using an operational definition of CSR that encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic dimensions of CSR from an Islamic perspective. This ICSR model is applicable to both Islamic and non-Islamic business systems because both Islamic and Western CSR have common humanitarian grounds. Research limitations – The conceptual research is not tested in this article. Further, not all Islamic principles are integrated in this model. Originality/value – Many Western theoreticians have attempted to offer theoretical, moral and ethical grounds for CSR initiatives. However, these attempts have been broadly criticized for problems rel...

Role of perceived organizational support in teachers’ responsiveness and students’ outcomes : Evidence from a public sector University of Pakistan

Purpose – Applying the social exchange theory at educational institution, this research endeavor is aimed to find out impact of organizational (institutional) support on teachers’ responsive behavior, and ultimately outcomes of responsiveness in form of students’ satisfaction and academic performance. Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted on 20 teachers and 353 students, from the biggest public sector University of Pakistan. These teachers and students belong to ten faculties. A questionnaire was used to elicit response of both the respondent groups. Findings – Findings of the study reveal that provision of supportive environment (high perceived organizational/institutional support) positively influences teachers and they respond well toward the needs of students. This responsive behavior increases both satisfaction and academic performance of students. Originality/value – This research highlights the role of educational institutions in improving the quality of their product (students).

Employee’s reciprocation of organizational support and leader – member exchange

Purpose - – This paper aims to investigate the association between leader–member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) and their impact on job involvement, in-role performance and extra-role behavior. Design/methodology/approach - – Data were collected via questionnaire from 231 employees selected from 40 branches of top ten banks in Pakistan. Banks were selected from the central bank Web site. Sample was selected using multistage sampling technique. Findings - – Findings of the study reveal that LMX is an important predictor of employees’ perception of organizational support and job involvement. It is also evident that POS mediate the relation of LMX and job involvement. Further inquiry proves that job involvement created due to presence of support increases employees’ in-role performance and positively influences their extra-role behavior. Originality/value - – This study explores the unveiled association of LMX and POS, and mediation effects of POS on job outcomes.

Overcoming ostracism at work: the remedial role of positive exchange relations

Purpose - – The purpose of this study is, in considering the significant role of social exchange relations at work, to add value by highlighting the remedial effects of the individual guanxi network (IGN), perceived organizational support (POS) and leader–member exchange (LMX) in overcoming ostracism at work. Design/methodology/approach - – Data were collected from 247 Chinese employees working in the services sector in Western Malaysia at two points in time. A questionnaire was used as a tool to gather responses from the selected sample. Respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings - – Results of the study support the hypothesis and prove that the presence of social exchange relations (i.e. POS and LMX) can have a positive effect on reducing ostracism at work. The Chinese social value of IGN is also an important predictor in overcoming ostracism in Chinese organizations. Research limitations/implications - – This study covers employees working in the service sector. A good and more realistic picture could be drawn by increasing the sample size and drawing comparisons with the manufacturing and trading sectors both in and outside Malaysia. Practical implications - – One clear implication of this study is a suggested means of overcoming ostracism and its adverse effects at work. Originality/value - – Determining a means of overcoming ostracism and eradicating its negative consequences is the main contribution of this study.

Institutional and faculty role in academic achievements of students: Evidence from a public sector university of Pakistan

Applying the social exchange theory at educational institution, this research endeavour is aimed to find out impact of organisational (institutional) support on teachers’ responsive behaviour, and ultimately outcomes of responsiveness in form of students’ satisfaction and academic performance. This study was conducted on 32 teachers and 419 students, from the biggest public sector university of Pakistan. These teachers and students belong to ten faculties. Questionnaire was used to elicit response of both the respondent groups. Findings of the study reveal that provision of supportive environment (high perceived organisational/institutional support) positively influences teachers and they respond well towards the needs of students. This responsive behaviour increases both satisfaction and academic performance of students. This research highlights the role of educational institution in improving the quality of their product (students). Practical implications and future directions are also discussed at the end of the article.

Individual guanxi network and social exchange relations: an evidence from Malaysian hotel industry.

This research endeavour is aimed to judge direct and indirect effects of individual guanxi network on job involvement and finally impact of job involvement on in-role performance. Questionnaire was used as tool for data collection, 300 questionnaires were distributed to Malaysian–Chinese hotel employees at two points of time. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from eastern part of Malaysia. Findings of the study confine that individual guanxi network significantly contributes to social exchange relations (perceived organisational support – POS and leadermember exchange – LMX), and job involvement. Guanxi network is having both direct and indirect effect (through mediation of POS and LMX) on job involvement. It validates the Blau social exchange theory. Testing mediation effects of LMX between guanxi network and social exchange relation (POS) is the main contribution of the study. Limitations, practical implication and future directions are also discussed.