Salvatore Cammisuli

SDZ 281‐977: A modified partial structure of lavendustin A that exerts potent and selective antiproliferative activities in vitro and in vivo

The chemical derivatization of biologically active microbial metabolites continues to be a promising approach to the identification of new drugs. We recently synthesized the novel antiproliferative compound SDZ 281‐977, 5‐[2‐(2,5‐dimethyoxyphenyl)ethyl]‐2‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid methylester, a derivative of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A. Here we report on our studies of the anticancer efficacy and the mode of action of SDZ 281‐977. The growth of both the human pancreatic tumor cells MIA PaCa‐2 and the human vulvar carcinoma cells A431 was inhibited in the low micromolar range. Tumors from these cells were induced in nude mice and were shown to respond to orally or intravenously administered SDZ 281‐977. In contrast, no antitumor effect was detected in rats bearing dimethylbenzanthracene‐induced mammary tumors. Studies in mice indicated that SDZ 281‐977 was neither immunosuppressive nor hematosuppressive at doses effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Surprisingly, the mode of action of SDZ 281‐977 apparently does not involve inhibition of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, because, in contrast to lavendustin A, SDZ 281‐977 failed to inhibit this enzyme in a cell‐free assay. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect can be explained on a cellular level by the ability of the compound to arrest cells in mitosis. SDZ 281‐977 is thus the first example of an antimitotic agent derived from the potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A. The therapeutic potential of SDZ 281‐977 is enhanced by the fact that it is not subject to multidrug resistance, because tumor cells expressing the multidrug resistance phenotype were as sensitive to SDZ 281‐977 as their nonresistant counterparts. In conclusion, SDZ 281‐977 represents a novel lavendustin A derivative with potent antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo that may be explained on the basis of its antimitotic effects. SDZ 281‐977 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of selected cancers, including those expressing the multidrug resistance phenotype.