Samapika Routray

Podoplanin—a novel marker in oral carcinogenesis

Podoplanin, a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, is a specific marker for lymphatic endothelial cells which in recent years has gained prominent notoriety for its role in tumor progression and metastasis. It is an extensively studied biomarker for predictive assessment of malignant transformation as well as biologic behavior in both human precancer and cancer, respectively. This review summarizes the association of podoplanin overexpression in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer with special emphasis on its putative role in carcinogenesis as well as its prospective use in targeted therapy.

Caveolin-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: an overview

Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oncogenic cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Increased expression of caveolin-1 in an array of tumors has confirmed its value in prognosis. It has been established that oxidative stress is the main cause for loss of stromal caveolin-1 via autophagy in the tumor microenvironment. In this overview, we attempt to abridge the relationship between caveolin-1 and oral squamous cell carcinoma, taking all the established theories into consideration.

Chemokines accentuating protumoral activities in oral cancer microenvironment possess an imperious stratagem for therapeutic resolutions

Chemokines, the chemotactic cytokines have established their role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Studies, which explored their role in oral cancer for protumoral activity, point towards targeting chemokines for oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy. The need of the hour is to emphasize/divulge in the activities of chemokine ligands and their receptors in the tumor microenvironment for augmentation of such stratagems. This progressing sentience of chemokines and their receptors has inspired this review which is an endeavour to comprehend their role as an aid in accentuating hallmarks of cancer and targeted therapy.

Does entosis curb the detached cancer cells better

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Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, a rare presentation in children: two case reports.

see front matter 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.010 Cell death can be classified according to its morphological appearance, enzymological criteria, functional or immunological characteristics [1]. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies in 2005 with additions made in 2009. It was stated that in the absence of apoptosis, other types of developmental cell death can occur [2]. The one that caught our attention was described by Overholtzer et al., 2007; a new mode of non-apoptotic cell elimination called ‘‘entosis’’ that resembles cell cannibalism and the cell-in-cell phenotype [3]. Though reports of cell-in-cell structures date back to the mid 1800’s, cellular engulfment or ‘‘cell eating cell’’ has been observed in tumor cells recently. Tumor cells possibly use this strange function to feed in conditions of low nutrient supply [4]. Cell-in-cell structures can be formed homotypically, between the same cell type, or heterotypically between different cell types. The heterotypic live cell engulfments involve leukocytes ingested into a variety of host cells such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Homotypic live cell engulfment are seen in malignant tumors of breast, lung, gallbladder, and gastric carcinoma, also in metastatic melanoma [5]. The various terminologies used in the literature to describe cell-in-cell structures includes entosis, emperipolesis, cytophagocytosis, and cannibalism (xeno-cannibalism) [6]. Entosis, a non-apoptotic cell death process, that occurs in human tumors presumed to be provoked by loss of attachment to the underlying matrix [7]. It describes a cell death mechanism linked to the ‘cell-in-cell’ phenotype that is frequently exhibited by non-phagocytic cells in clinical tumour samples, consisting of invasion of one live cell into another, followed by degradation of internalized cells by lysosomal enzymes. It is to be considered when all the following conditions are satisfied [8].

Unicystic Ameloblastoma Masquerading as Huge Periapical Lesion, both Clinically and Histopathologically: Two Case Reports with Review of Literature

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare and benign odontogenic neoplasm that affects the jaws. It is certainly an atypical instance to find this tumor in children. Here, we present two case reports of CEOT presenting in mandible of a 12- and 13-year-old female child, respectively. CEOT have been reported to show features of malignant transformation also.

Hemangiopericytoma/solitaryfibrous tumor of mandible: A rare entity.

Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is one of the variants of ameloblastoma. It manifests as unilocular radiolucency in the mandible or maxilla on X-ray scans. In very rare cases, it can appear as a localized periradicular radiolucent area, imitating a periapical lesion. In this article, we present two cases of UA that were initially misdiagnosed as periapical lesions. Subsequently, surgical enucleation was performed and the diagnosis of UA was confirmed histopathologically.

Evaluating the efficacy of osteopontin expression as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian subpopulation

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone “blue book” that was published in February 2013 has abandoned the term “HPC.” It is used only to describe a morphological pattern that is shared by different entities. Currently, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), HPC, lipomatous HPC and giant cell angiofibroma are all grouped under the “extra‑pleural SFT” category.

Granulocytic Sarcoma of Parotid Gland in a 4-Year-Old Child with Subleukemic AML: A Diagnostic Challenge!

Aim: This study aimed to correlate the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) expression using both tissue and plasma samples from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods and Materials: The study group comprised of sixty patients (n = 60), which were clinically and histologically diagnosed for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The Control group comprised of ten (n = 10) healthy volunteers. Plasma OPN levels were assayed using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OPN ELISA). Expression of OPN was also identified and evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections. These OPN expressions were then correlated with different parameters like age, sex, site, clinical presentation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, histopathological grading and lymph node metastasis. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the difference in tissue intensity and plasma OPN levels between the OSCC and the normal control groups. Results: The distribution of the plasma OPN levels and tissue OPN intensity in OSCC cohorts were compared to histopathological grades and analyzed. When evaluated OPN expression in tissue had higher intensity observed in OSCC (95% +ve) cases. And the mean plasma OPN concentration in OSCC cohort was more in comparison to the normal cohort. The results clearly showed that the plasma OPN levels and intensity grading in tissue correlated with tumor grades. Conclusion: The study highlights OPN as a biomarker for prognosis in OSCC in both plasma and tissue samples. We would like to emphasize on the evaluation of plasma OPN as a protocol of blood examination for all cancer patient, as it may serve as an indicator for tumor progression and potential risk of metastasis.

RAGE, inflammation and oral cancer: Recreating the connexion

A 4-year-old male child presented to our outpatient department with large swelling in the parotid region. Routine investigations were all within normal limits, and evaluation of complete blood count was normal except for anaemia. Excisional biopsy as a therapeutic diagnosis was done. Microscopic examination showed monomorphic population of discohesive, hyperchromatic small round cells having high Nu2009:u2009C ratio, coarse chromatin, conspicuous nucleoli, and sometimes angulated nuclei lying in sheets. Immunohistochemistry was done to rule out possible differential diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration from the swelling showed predominant population of blast cells. Myeloperoxidase and PBO were strongly positive, and diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was confirmed.