Samuel Rymer

Allograft conjunctival transplantation for bilateral ocular surface disorders

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of allogenic conjunctival transplantation in bilateral surface disorders and to correlate with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and cross-matching. METHODS A prospective study of allogenic conjunctival transplantation was undertaken in 12 eyes of 10 patients with bilateral surface disorders. Five eyes had Stevens-Johnson syndrome, three had Lyell syndrome, three had bilateral alkali burns, and one had a bilateral thermal burn. Human leukocyte antigen typing and cross-matching were retrospectively performed in eight patients and their respective donors. Stabilization of corneal epithelia, visual acuity, and rejection episodes were examined after the procedure. RESULTS Eleven (91.6%) of 12 eyes had improved visual acuity, corneal transparency and surface lubrication, stabilization of corneal epithelia, and decreased corneal neovascularization and photophobia after an average follow-up of 17.2 months. Three patients (25%) had rejection episodes, with no disturbance in corneal surface in two. Two of these three patients had 100% incompatible HLA donor-recipient pairs; HLA of the third patient was not available. Patients with favorable evolution were either HLA identical or haplo-identical (50% identity) with their donors. Donor eyes did not present any epithelial problems during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Human leukocyte antigen-matched allogenic conjunctival transplantation proved to be an adequate method of treating severe bilateral surface disorders, with minimal complications.

Laser in situ keratomileusis after penetrating keratoplasty

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Setting: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Methods: Fourteen eyes of 13 patients who had LASIK after PKP were retrospectively reviewed. The interval between LASIK and PKP was at least 1 year, and the follow‐up after LASIK was also at least 1 year. All patients had a stable refractive error for a minimum of 6 months after all sutures were removed, regular and symmetric topographic astigmatism, and a minimal ultrasonic central corneal pachymetry of 500 &mgr;m. The Chiron Automatic Corneal Shaper® and the Meditec Aesculap MEL 60 excimer laser were used. Results: At 12 months, mean myopia decreased from –5.33 diopters (D) ± 4.22 (SD) to 0.19 ± 1.71 D, mean hyperopia decreased from +5.04 ± 3.32 D to + 0.42 ± 0.46 D, and mean astigmatism decreased from 5.37 ± 2.12 D to 2.82 ± 2.42 D (47.5% of mean percentage reduction). Retreatment was necessary in 42.9% of eyes because of cylindrical undercorrection. Uncorrected visual acuity improved in 11 eyes (78.6%). Best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity improved in 6 eyes (42.8%) and was maintained in 4 eyes (28.6%); 5 eyes (35.7%) lost 1 Snellen line. Intraoperative complications included 1 buttonhole flap. Postoperative complications included interface epithelial ingrowth at the periphery (2 eyes) and pseudophakic retinal detachment 2 years after LASIK (1 eye). Conclusion: Laser in situ keratomileusis after PKP safely and predictably corrected the spherical component of the refraction. However, the predictability of LASIK in correcting post‐PKP astigmatism was poor.

HLA-matched living-related conjunctival limbal allograft for bilateral ocular surface disorders: long-term results

PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term outcome of HLA-matched lr-CLAL for bilateral ocular surface disorders. METHODS A retrospective, non-comparative interventional case series study of 39 eyes of 32 patients with bilateral surface disorders and clinical diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency who underwent HLA-matched lr-CLAL. Visual acuity (VA), ambulatory vision (> or = 20/200) and ocular surface stability were evaluated as main outcomes. Donor limbus was obtained from a sibling or a parent of the patient, after an appropriate Class I and II HLA match. RESULTS One year after surgery, VA improved in 46.2%, ambulatory vision was achieved in 48.7% and a stable corneal surface was achieved in 84.6% of the eyes. At the final follow-up (mean, 48.7 +/- 30.6 months), 66.6% of the eyes that had gained VA one year after surgery maintained an improved VA (p=0.28), 94.7% of eyes that had achieved ambulatory vision one year after surgery maintained 20/200 or better (p<0.001) and 93.9% still had a stable corneal surface (p=0.043) at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS HLA-matched lr-CLAL can be an adequate method of treatment for bilateral ocular surface disorders, with a reasonable percentage of success of long-term results.

Indicações de transplante de córnea no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

Purpose: To evaluate the most frequent indications for penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in the Ophthalmology service of the Hospital de Clinicas of Porto Alegre. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the charts of 507 patients with indication for penetrating keratoplasty during the period of Jan/1988 to Dec/1997 (454 underwent the surgery during the period). Results: The main indications for PK were as follows: keratoconus (28.6%), bullous keratopathy (20.9%), leucomas (12.6%) and regraft (11.0%). The age average of the corneas was 44 years and the mean preservation time was 6,6 days. Conclusions: There was agreement between our study and the literature despite some differences between the main indications.

Orbscan II and double-K method for IOL calculation after refractive surgery

BackgroundPrecise IOL calculation in post-refractive surgery patients is still a challenge for the cataract surgeon. The purpose of this study is to test whether adding Orbscan II values into the double-K method improves IOL calculation in this group of patients.MethodsA prospective study with 43 eyes previously submitted to refractive surgery that underwent cataract extraction. IOL calculation was performed with double-K method. Post-K value was derived from Orbscan total-mean power map. The average corneal curvature of the general population (43.8D) was used as the pre-K value. Refraction results 30 days after surgery were compared with refraction that would be obtained if we used: (1) post-K values from keratometry, (2) post-K values from topography, and (3) pre-K values from Orbscan total-mean power. Anterior chamber depth measures obtained with the IOL Master and Orbscan II were compared.ResultsMean postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −0.25 ± 1.10 D in eyes submitted to radial keratotomy , –1.04 ± 1.42 D in eyes previously submitted to myopic Lasik, and +0.05 ± 1.76 D in those submitted to hyperopic surgeries. Had we inputted post-K values derived from keratometer and from topography, we would have obtained significantly higher postoperative refractive errors in eyes previously submitted to myopic refractive surgery (p < 0.05). Refractions using pre-K derived from the central 8 mm Orbscan instead of 43.8 D were similar in all studied groups (p > 0.05). Anterior chamber depth measured with IOL Master or Orbscan were similar.ConclusionsOrbscan measurements used as the post-K values into the double-K method provide a precise IOL calculation, especially in post myopic refractive surgery patients.

Utilização de adesivo de fibrina em cirurgias oftalmológicas

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of fibrin glue and its complications in different ophthalmic surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective and non-comparative case series study. 161 eyes were evaluated. The mean age was 51.8 years. Fibrin glue (BeriplastTM - Aventis Behring, Germany) was used in all patients for tissue adherence or incisional closure. RESULTS: Main preoperatives diseases were pterygium (76 patients), superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (4 patients), limbal tumor (4 patients), conjunctivochalasis (21 patients), bullous keratopathy (31 patients), limbal stem cell deficiency (7 patients), alkali injury (6 patients), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (2 patients), cataract (5 patients) and glaucoma (5 patients). Complications occurred in 28 patients (17.4%). Detachment of the fixed tissue and granulomatous foreign body reaction were the main complications. Detachment occurred in 10 cases (5.6%) (7 in amniotic membrane transplantation in bullous keratopathy, 2 in autologus conjunctival grafting for pterygium surgery, 1 in autologus limbal transplantation in a Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Granulomatous foreign body reaction was described in 9 patients (5.6%) (5 in amniotic membrane transplantation due to acute alkali injury, 1 in autologus limbal graft due to chronic burn injury, and 3 in autologus conjunctival transplant due to pterygium surgery). All the complications described occurred in the first week after surgery. CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations related to the retrospective and non-comparative setting, this study suggests that the use of fibrin glue seems to be safe and effective for tissue fixation or incisional closure presenting low rates of complications in ocular surface and anterior segment surgeries.

Transplante autólogo de limbo conjuntival e de limbo córneo-conjuntival no tratamento das queimaduras químicas oculares em coelhos

Purpose: To compare corneal recovery after ocular chemical burn in rabbit eyes treated with conjunctival limbus or keratoconjunctival limbus autografts. Methods: Thirty-five rabbits underwent a unilateral ocular chemical burn, including the cornea and the limbus, applying a NaOH 1 mol -1 solution. After 30 days, a conjunctival limbus autograft from the contralateral eye was performed in Group 2 (12 eyes); a keratoconjunctival limbus autograft from the contralateral eye was performed in Group 3 (11 eyes) and no surgeries were carried out in the control group (Group 1). Statistical analysis regarding induction and regression of corneal neovascularization, time for corneal re-epithelialization, rate of corneal transparency was performed. The corneal surface phenotype was also analyzed by monoclonal antibodies (AE-5). Results: After 90 days of follow-up, improvement of corneal transparency, decreased corneal neovascularization and corneal re-ephitelialization were significantly associated with limbal transplantation, carried out in Groups 2 and 3. The control group (Group 1) showed epithelial necrosis in all cases. Corneal surfaces of the operated eyes (Groups 2 and 3) showed a gradual decrease of goblet cells, a gradual increase of corneal epithelial cells, and postoperative stabilization after 30 days. Conclusions: Conjunctival limbus and keratoconjunctival limbus autografts produced the same clinical and epithelial phenotype results in an experimental model of chemical burns in rabbit eyes.

Optical coherence tomography image in gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy: case report

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy is a rare disorder with few cases described in the present literature. The following report will show how difficult it is to diagnose this disease in early stages. Modern image exams, such as optical coherence tomography helps to diagnose and can be crucial to establish the best treatment. We will present the histopathological changes and clinical features in this unusual dystrophy.

Experiência inicial com a ceratoprótese de Dohlman-Doane: relato de casos

PURPOSE To describe 9 eyes in 8 patients who received Dohlman-Doane type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) with a mean follow-up of 11.2 months (2 to 25 months). METHODS A retrospective, non-comparative interventional case series. Previous corneal disease was alcaline burn in 4 eyes, multiple graft failure in 3 eyes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 1 eye and thermal injury in 1 eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand motions or worse in all patients. Glaucoma was present preoperatively in 3 eyes and received Ahmed valve implantation. RESULTS 88,9% eyes achieved BCVA of better than or equal to 20/100, and 44,4% better than or equal to 20/40. In the postoperative period, 3 eyes developed posterior capsule opacity treated with YAG laser capsulotomy; 3 retroprosthetic membrane treated with tPA injection or steroids; 2 glaucoma in clinical treatment; 1 corneal melting, treated with donor cornea bottom exchange; and 1 fungic endophthalmitis, treated with corneal transplant, anterior vitrectomy, KPro and intraocular lens explantation, and specific intravitreal and endovenous treatment. CONCLUSION Dohlman-Doane K-Pro seems to be a good option for cases of corneal blindness with poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Its main advantage is not requesting systemic immunossuppression. Best results were achieved in non-immune diseases.

Contaminação de halos doadores córneo-esclerais em ceratoplastia penetrante no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of positive corneoscleral rim cultures preserved in Optisol GS medium, to identify pathogens involved and possible recipient eye infection. METHODS: A hundred sixty-three corneoscleral rim cultures penetrating keratoplasties performed from January 2001 to January 2003 in the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre were reviewed. Enucleations and corneal storage were done as aseptic as possible and gentamicin 0.3% was instilled. Corneoscleral rim was divided into two segments, half was inoculated into Sabouraud broth and the other half into thioglycolate broth; inoculation into blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar was done later if necessary for pathogen identification. The receivers eye data were reviewed. RESULTS: There were eleven positive cultures (6.7%) out of 163 evaluated corneoscleral rim cultures. Of these, four were Staphylococcus epidermidis, one was Staphylococcus aureus, one was Serratia sp., one was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the other four were different subtypes of Candida (two Candida sp., one Candida albicans and one Candida parapapilosis). All pathogens were resistant to gentamicin. None of the eleven cases of positive corneoscleral rim cultures resulted in ocular infection at the receivers eyes (six months follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: We found low rates of positive corneoscleral rim cultures after penetrating keratoplasty at the Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital. The most frequent involved pathogens were Staphylococcus sp and Candida sp. Although we did not identify any postoperative infection at the receivers eyes, we recommend corneoscleral rim culture for guidance of postoperative infection, a rare but possible devastating ocular event.