Samy M. Saleh

Association of chemerin Rs17173608 and vaspin Rs2236242 gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women

Abstract Aim: The metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The adipokines, chemerin and vaspin, are known to have metabolic regulatory roles. This study aimed to assess the relation of chemerin rs17173608 and vaspin rs2236242 polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and its related phenotypes in Egyptian women. Subjects and methods: The study included 100 healthy female subjects and 100 metabolic syndrome patients. The component traits of metabolic syndrome were determined and the genotypes of the polymorphisms were assessed using the tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction procedure. Results: The minor G allele of the chemerin rs17173608 polymorphism had a significantly higher frequency in metabolic syndrome patients (p = 0.0001). The component traits of metabolic syndrome were significantly increased in the carriers of the GG and TG genotypes. In contrast, the rare A allele of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism was significantly higher in the control subjects (p = 0.005). The carriers of the TA and AA genotypes showed significant relation with lower values of the phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome in Egyptian females is associated with the minor allele of chemerin rs17173608 polymorphism, whereas the minor allele of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism plays a protective role against metabolic syndrome.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene polymorphism is related to rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian population.

Abstract Context: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a CD28-family receptor expressed on T-cells which suppresses T cell proliferation. CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism is involved in regulation of CTLA-4 expression. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the genetic association of CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the activity and severity of the disease in the Egyptian population. Methods: A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs5742909) in CTLA-4 was genotyped in 100 RA patients and 100 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Diagnostic tests were measured for RA patients. Results: The frequency of T allele in RA patients was significantly higher than in the control subjects (p = 0.002). CT and TT genotypes had high C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and disease activity score 28 while CC genotype had a high rheumatoid factor. Conclusion: A minor allele of CTLA-4 rs5742909 polymorphism was associated with RA and the activity but not the severity of the disease.

HPLC method for the quantitative determination of sarcophine, a source of cembranoids with cancer chemopreventive activity

An accurate, reproducible and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of sarcophine in the organic extract of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton species was developed and validated. Sarcophine concentration was determined by RP HPLC using ODS column. The mobile phase was made up of 70% acetonitrile in deionized water and the pH was adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.5ml/min and the detector was set to 220nm. The HPLC analysis of several Sarcophyton glaucum samples collected from different locations in the Red Sea revealed that Hurghada had the highest sarcophine concentration.

Association of interleukin-1A insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and possible high risk factors with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Egyptian patients

Abstract Context: Interleukin-1A (IL-1A) is a cytokine involved in inflammatory process. IL-1A (rs3783553) gene polymorphism is comprised in the regulation of IL-1A expression. Objective: This study aims to evaluate association of IL-1A (I/D) gene polymorphism with NAFLD and its component traits among Egyptian populations. Methods: The study included 75 healthy subjects and 75 patients with NAFLD. Different genotypes of IL-1A (I/D) gene polymorphism were determined by PCR-PAGE technique, serum IL-1A level and other biochemical parameters were measured. Results: The major D allele was significantly associated with NAFLD patients (p = .002). DD genotype showed a significant increase in BMI and decrease in HDL-C. Also serum IL-1A was significantly correlated with the DD genotype. Serum IL-1A showed a significant positive correlation with BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and FBG, and a significant negative correlation with HDL-C. Conclusions: Major D allele of IL-1A (I/D) gene polymorphism is associated with NAFLD in the Egyptian population.

Raspberry ketone preserved cholinergic activity and antioxidant defense in obesity induced Alzheimer disease in rats

Obesity is a proven risk factor for neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimers disease (AD). Accumulating evidences suggested that nutritional interventions provide potential for prevention and treatment of AD. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary treatment of obese rats with natural Raspberry ketone (RK) and their relationship with neurodegeneration. Obesity was first induced in 40 male Wistar rats (140-160 g) by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Obese rats were then assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 each). (O-AD) is obese induced AD group maintained on HFD for another 6 weeks. OCR is obese group received calorie restricted diet for 6 weeks. OCRRK is obese group received calorie restricted diet and RK (44 mg/kg body weight, daily, orally) for 6 weeks and OCRD is obese group received calorie restricted diet and orlistate (10 mg/kg body weight, daily orally) for 6 weeks. Another 10 normal rats received normal diet were used as normal control group (NC). Body weight, visceral white adipose tissue weight (WAT), lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, adiponectin, cholinergic activity and amyloid extracellular plaques were examined. In addition to histological changes in brain tissues were evaluated.Raspberry ketone (RK) via its antioxidant properties attenuated oxidative damage and dyslipidemia in O-AD group. It inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) and hence increased acetylcholine level (Ach) in brain tissues of O-AD rats. It is also impeded the upregulation of beta-secretase-1 (BACE-1) and the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques which crucially involved in AD. The combination of CR diet with RK was more effective than CR diet with orlistate (antiobese drug) in abrogating the neurodegenerative changes induced by obesity. Results from this study suggested that concomitant supplementation of RK with calorie restricted regimen effectively modulate the neurodegenerative changes induced by obesity and delay the progression of AD.

Adiponectin (+276 G/T), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (-308 G/A) andInterleukin-6 (-174 C/G) Genes Polymorphisms in Egyptian Type 2 DiabeticPatients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic pro-inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and increased levels of circulating cytokines. Adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (Il-6), are important cytokines mediators in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes often have an impact on their expression levels. Aim: Explore potential associations between SNP+276 G/T of adiponectin, SNP -308 G/A of TNF-α and SNP -174 C/G of IL-6 genes with T2DM and to assess its influence on their serum levels. Subjects and Methods: From the Egyptian population, we enrolled 95 T2DM patients and 85 non-diabetic controls. Serum adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. Genotyping for three SNPs of the adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6 genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Subjects with the GT/TT genotype of SNP 276 were at increased risk for T2DM (OR=15.88, CI=7.56-33.31, P ≤ 0.01) and associated with hypoadiponectinemia compared with the GG genotype. Furthermore, the allelic frequency of the A allele of SNP 308 was significantly different between T2DM patients compared to controls (X2=30.54, P ≤ 0.0001). Moreover, Individuals with T2DM carrying the GA/AA genotypes had significantly higher serum TNF-α levels than those carrying GG genotype. In addition, Carriers of G allele of IL-6 were significantly more likely associated with T2DM. Conclusion: Genetics variations in Adiponectin +276 G/T, TNF-α 308 G/A and IL-6 -174 C/G may contribute to the disposition for T2DM in Egyptian patients.

Relation of myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism with metabolic syndrome and its component traits in Egyptian women.

Abstract Context: Myeloperoxidase is a heme protein secreted by activated macrophages and generates intermediates that oxidize lipoproteins. Myeloperoxidase-463G/A is a functional polymorphism involved in regulation of myeloperoxidase expression. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the relation of myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism with metabolic syndrome and its component traits in Egyptian women from the Suez Canal area. Methods: The study includes 100 healthy female subjects and 100 metabolic syndrome patients. The component traits of metabolic syndrome are determined and the genotypes of the polymorphisms assessed using the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies between the metabolic syndrome and control groups. However, the GA and AA genotypes were associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the patients. Conclusion: Myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome.