Sandi E. Cooper

Peace as a Human Right: The Invasion of Women into the World of High International Politics

In February 2001, under United Nations (UN) auspices at The Hague, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia found three Serbian men guilty of rape and sexual enslavement for their violent abuse, forced impregnation, mutilation, and murder of Muslim women in Foca during the Bosnian War between 1992 and 1995. In the mid-1990s, for the first time in history as well, similar charges were lodged against generals in the gruesome Rwandan war in a trial ( Prosecutor v. Akayesu) presided over by South African jurist Navanetham Pillay under the jurisdiction of the UN-sponsored International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Their guilty verdicts were delivered in 1998, concluding what has been described as the worse human rights abuse case and genocide since World War II. That these cases were even brought before the international tribunals can only be attributed to the relentless determination of an international community of feminist crusaders who haunted diplomats at the UN meetings on human rights in Vienna in 1993 and in 1995-1998 in Rome and the Netherlands, where they had assembled to negotiate a treaty to establish a standing International Criminal Tribunal. These activists, the Womens Caucus for Gender Justice, comprising feminists from every continent, lobbied to insure that the protocols establishing the tribunals included women prosecutors and judges; that the war crimes charges moved well beyond the familiar definitions of genocide used in Nuremberg and Tokyo after World War II; and that high crimes and human rights abuses of a broad sexual category be understood to fall under the definition of torture. define domestic violence and family abuse as forms of torture and...sexual exploitation, domestic violence, family abuse, dowry murder, stoning

Biographical dictionary of modern peace leaders

This important reference tool surveys the multifaceted field of peace activism from 1800 to 1980. The dictionary defines the parameters of peace advocacy, surveys the different approaches taken in antiwar efforts, and provides information on many individuals who have either contributed to organized peace efforts or who have questioned war and organized violence. More than 250 authors from 15 nations have written 750 biographical entries about public advocates of peace; antiwar activists; leaders in organizations devoted to world peace; those who have worked to prevent armed conflicts; and writers, artists, and many others who have played major roles in the cause of peace. Although many of the subjects come from the United States and Europe, important subjects from Canada, Latin America, Africa, East Asia, and South Asia are also represented. Besides providing basic biographical information, each entry concentrates on the subjects work, ideas, and activity as a peace leader and also contains a short bibliography of works about the subject, works by the subject, and manuscript materials if available. Carefully indexed and cross-referenced, the volume contains an introductory overview of nineteenth- and twentieth-century peace efforts, gives a selective chronology of peace movements, and provides an appendix listing the peace leaders by country. No other volume provides such a comprehensive survey of peace leaders throughout the world as this one. The Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders will undoubtedly prove to be an invaluable research and reference tool for scholars and students of international relations, international law, and political philosophy.

Review Article: ‘Managing’ Women in War and Peace

UTE DANIEL.The War from Within: German Working-Class Women in the First World War, trans. Margaret Ries. Oxford and New York: Berg, 1997. Pp. xii, 343.

Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe 1815-1914

18.50 (us), paper; DEBORAH THOM. Nice Girls and Rude Girls: Women Workers in World War I. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1998; dist. New York: St Martins Press. Pp. xvi, 224.

Sovereign equality among states : the history of an idea

59.50 (us); FRANCES H. EARLY. A World without War: How US Feminists and Pacifists Resisted World War I. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1997. Pp. xxi, 265.

Pacifism in France, 1889-1914: International Peace as a Human Right

22.95 (us), paper, LUCY NOAKES. War and the British: Gender, Memory, and National Identity. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1998; dist. New York: St Martins Press. Pp. vi, 218.

The Work of Women in Nineteenth Century Continental European Peace Movements

59.50 (us); JANE SLAUGHTER. Women and the Italian Resistance, 1943–1945. Denver: Arden Press, 1997. Pp. xx, 171.

COMMENTARY: THE SUBVERSIVE POWER OF PEACE HISTORY

22.50 (us), paper; DALIA OFER and LENORE J. WEITZMAN, eds., Women in the Holocaust. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998. Pp. vii, 402.

War and Gender Transformations--Transatlantic Examples

30.00 (us).