Sandra Aires Ferreira

Desempenho em testes de força estática: comparação entre trabalhadores hipertensos e normotensos

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare static muscular strength test performance between hypertensive and normotensive workers, considering the hypothesis that hypertensive individuals have lower strength than normotensive individuals. METHODS: The participants consisted of 354 workers (246 men and 108 women) who underwent height, body mass, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as right and left handgrip, and scapular and lumbar strength tests. Assessments were performed during three days in all three shifts, with workers from a candy and sweets factory located in Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. BP measurements were performed with a 10-minute interval, with the subject in the sitting position. Before the strength tests were performed, the workers were familiarized with the equipment; the highest value was recorded after two attempts at each test. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals for age, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference greater for hypertensive individuals. Regarding static muscle strength tests performance, the hypertensive individuals did not differ significantly from normotensive individuals; however, this difference was observed when groups divided by body mass index (BMI) were compared. The obesity group had strength values above those of the normal weight/overweight group among normotensive individuals, but this was not observed among the hypertensive individuals. As for the intragender comparison, there were no significant differences for the strength tests. CONCLUSION: Normotensive and hypertensive workers showed no significant differences in the performance of static muscular strength tests; however, body mass and gender seem to affect the association between muscle strength and blood pressure.OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare static muscular strength test performance between hypertensive and normotensive workers, considering the hypothesis that hypertensive individuals have lower strength than normotensive individuals. METHODS The participants consisted of 354 workers (246 men and 108 women) who underwent height, body mass, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as right and left handgrip, and scapular and lumbar strength tests. Assessments were performed during three days in all three shifts, with workers from a candy and sweets factory located in Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. BP measurements were performed with a 10-minute interval, with the subject in the sitting position. Before the strength tests were performed, the workers were familiarized with the equipment; the highest value was recorded after two attempts at each test. RESULTS The results showed significant differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals for age, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference greater for hypertensive individuals. Regarding static muscle strength tests performance, the hypertensive individuals did not differ significantly from normotensive individuals; however, this difference was observed when groups divided by body mass index (BMI) were compared. The obesity group had strength values above those of the normal weight/overweight group among normotensive individuals, but this was not observed among the hypertensive individuals. As for the intragender comparison, there were no significant differences for the strength tests. CONCLUSION Normotensive and hypertensive workers showed no significant differences in the performance of static muscular strength tests; however, body mass and gender seem to affect the association between muscle strength and blood pressure.

Glucose metabolism in discordant monozygotic twins for cardiorespiratory fitness

OBJECTIVE To determine if glucose and insulin concentrations are regulated by cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) regardless of their genetic effects. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 38 pairs of young monozygotic twins (11 to 18 years-old). All subjects underwent a progressive maximal exercise test on a treadmill to determine the VO2max with gas exchange analysis (MedGraphics VO2000® - Medical Graphics Corp., St. Paul, MN). Blood samples were drawn after fasting to determine glucose and insulin levels. Monozygosity was confirmed by genotyping 15 informative genetic markers. Nine pairs had at least 10mL.kg-1.min-1 difference in VO2max and were divided into the more and less active group, according to their VO2max. Mean differences between more and less active groups were evaluated by Wilcoxons test for paired data. RESULTS On average, twins from the more active group presented a 17% (13.5±3.7mL.kg-1.min-1) higher VO2max compared to their less active siblings. No significant differences were observed between the groups for fasting insulin (36.5±34.6 versus 25.3±13.7mg/dL; p<0.813). However, the more active twins had lower fasting glucose than the less active ones (82.9±7.3 versus 86.7±7.6mg/dL; p<0.010). CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study (discordant monozygotic twins), the less active co-twins were characterized by higher fasting plasma glucose levels. This implies that poor cardiorespiratory fitness can be associated with defective glucose metabolism regardless of genetic factors.OBJETIVO: Verificar si las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina en ayuno son reguladas por la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (VO2max), independiente de los efectos geneticos. METODOS: Datos de 38 pares de gemelos monocigoticos (11 a 18 anos) fueron analizados transversalmente. Los participantes fueron sometidos a una prueba de esfuerzo maximo con ergoespirometria abierta (MedGraphics VO2000® Medical Graphics Corp., St. Paul, MN) y a la recoleccion de sangre para estimar la concentracion de glucosa e insulina en ayuno. La cigosidad fue determinada por medio de la investigacion de concordancia de los gemelos respecto a 15 marcadores geneticos polimorficos. Nueve pares demostraron diferencia mediana intrapares para el consumo maximo de oxigeno ≥10mL.kg-1.min-1 y fueron divididos en dos grupos, de alta y baja aptitud. Los grupos fueron comparados a partir de la prueba pareada de Wilcoxon, teniendo en vista la asimetria de los datos. RESULTADOS: En promedio, los gemelos del grupo de alta aptitud presentaron consumo maximo de oxigeno el 17% superior (13,5±3,7mL.kg-1.min-1) a sus hermanos menos aptos. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos para las concentraciones de insulina (36,5±34,6 versus 25,3±13,7mg/dL; p<0,813), pero los gemelos mas aptos demostraron menor concentracion de glucosa que sus contrapares menos aptos (82,9±7,3 versus 86,7±7,6mg/dL; p<0,010, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio, caracterizado como caso-control (gemelos monocigoticos discordantes), el hermano con menor aptitud cardiorrespiratoria presento mayor concentracion de glucosa en ayuno, sugiriendo que la baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria esta asociada a disturbios en el metabolismo de glucosa.

Desempenho em testes de força estática: comparação entre trabalhadores hipertensos e normotensosMuscular static strength test performance: comparison between normotensive and hypertensive workers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare static muscular strength test performance between hypertensive and normotensive workers, considering the hypothesis that hypertensive individuals have lower strength than normotensive individuals. METHODS: The participants consisted of 354 workers (246 men and 108 women) who underwent height, body mass, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as right and left handgrip, and scapular and lumbar strength tests. Assessments were performed during three days in all three shifts, with workers from a candy and sweets factory located in Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. BP measurements were performed with a 10-minute interval, with the subject in the sitting position. Before the strength tests were performed, the workers were familiarized with the equipment; the highest value was recorded after two attempts at each test. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals for age, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference greater for hypertensive individuals. Regarding static muscle strength tests performance, the hypertensive individuals did not differ significantly from normotensive individuals; however, this difference was observed when groups divided by body mass index (BMI) were compared. The obesity group had strength values above those of the normal weight/overweight group among normotensive individuals, but this was not observed among the hypertensive individuals. As for the intragender comparison, there were no significant differences for the strength tests. CONCLUSION: Normotensive and hypertensive workers showed no significant differences in the performance of static muscular strength tests; however, body mass and gender seem to affect the association between muscle strength and blood pressure.OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare static muscular strength test performance between hypertensive and normotensive workers, considering the hypothesis that hypertensive individuals have lower strength than normotensive individuals. METHODS The participants consisted of 354 workers (246 men and 108 women) who underwent height, body mass, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as right and left handgrip, and scapular and lumbar strength tests. Assessments were performed during three days in all three shifts, with workers from a candy and sweets factory located in Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. BP measurements were performed with a 10-minute interval, with the subject in the sitting position. Before the strength tests were performed, the workers were familiarized with the equipment; the highest value was recorded after two attempts at each test. RESULTS The results showed significant differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals for age, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference greater for hypertensive individuals. Regarding static muscle strength tests performance, the hypertensive individuals did not differ significantly from normotensive individuals; however, this difference was observed when groups divided by body mass index (BMI) were compared. The obesity group had strength values above those of the normal weight/overweight group among normotensive individuals, but this was not observed among the hypertensive individuals. As for the intragender comparison, there were no significant differences for the strength tests. CONCLUSION Normotensive and hypertensive workers showed no significant differences in the performance of static muscular strength tests; however, body mass and gender seem to affect the association between muscle strength and blood pressure.

Metabolismo de glicose em gêmeos monozigóticos discordantes para aptidão cardiorrespiratória

OBJECTIVE To determine if glucose and insulin concentrations are regulated by cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) regardless of their genetic effects. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 38 pairs of young monozygotic twins (11 to 18 years-old). All subjects underwent a progressive maximal exercise test on a treadmill to determine the VO2max with gas exchange analysis (MedGraphics VO2000® - Medical Graphics Corp., St. Paul, MN). Blood samples were drawn after fasting to determine glucose and insulin levels. Monozygosity was confirmed by genotyping 15 informative genetic markers. Nine pairs had at least 10mL.kg-1.min-1 difference in VO2max and were divided into the more and less active group, according to their VO2max. Mean differences between more and less active groups were evaluated by Wilcoxons test for paired data. RESULTS On average, twins from the more active group presented a 17% (13.5±3.7mL.kg-1.min-1) higher VO2max compared to their less active siblings. No significant differences were observed between the groups for fasting insulin (36.5±34.6 versus 25.3±13.7mg/dL; p<0.813). However, the more active twins had lower fasting glucose than the less active ones (82.9±7.3 versus 86.7±7.6mg/dL; p<0.010). CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study (discordant monozygotic twins), the less active co-twins were characterized by higher fasting plasma glucose levels. This implies that poor cardiorespiratory fitness can be associated with defective glucose metabolism regardless of genetic factors.OBJETIVO: Verificar si las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina en ayuno son reguladas por la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (VO2max), independiente de los efectos geneticos. METODOS: Datos de 38 pares de gemelos monocigoticos (11 a 18 anos) fueron analizados transversalmente. Los participantes fueron sometidos a una prueba de esfuerzo maximo con ergoespirometria abierta (MedGraphics VO2000® Medical Graphics Corp., St. Paul, MN) y a la recoleccion de sangre para estimar la concentracion de glucosa e insulina en ayuno. La cigosidad fue determinada por medio de la investigacion de concordancia de los gemelos respecto a 15 marcadores geneticos polimorficos. Nueve pares demostraron diferencia mediana intrapares para el consumo maximo de oxigeno ≥10mL.kg-1.min-1 y fueron divididos en dos grupos, de alta y baja aptitud. Los grupos fueron comparados a partir de la prueba pareada de Wilcoxon, teniendo en vista la asimetria de los datos. RESULTADOS: En promedio, los gemelos del grupo de alta aptitud presentaron consumo maximo de oxigeno el 17% superior (13,5±3,7mL.kg-1.min-1) a sus hermanos menos aptos. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos para las concentraciones de insulina (36,5±34,6 versus 25,3±13,7mg/dL; p<0,813), pero los gemelos mas aptos demostraron menor concentracion de glucosa que sus contrapares menos aptos (82,9±7,3 versus 86,7±7,6mg/dL; p<0,010, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio, caracterizado como caso-control (gemelos monocigoticos discordantes), el hermano con menor aptitud cardiorrespiratoria presento mayor concentracion de glucosa en ayuno, sugiriendo que la baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria esta asociada a disturbios en el metabolismo de glucosa.

Impacto do exercício físico agudo no perfil metabólico pós prandial em adultos fisicamente aptos

The ability to rapidly remove triglycerides from plasma may contribute to reduce the rate of coronary disease. Physical activity is positively associated with a decrease in postprandial triglyceride levels, thus contributing effectively to the prevention and reduction of vascular disor- ders. The objective of this study was to analyze the course of postprandial triglycerides, as well as postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, total protein and hematocrit, after acute exercise in physically fit adults. Ten physically fit university students of both genders, with a mean age of 23.2 ± 1.9 years, were submitted to the collection of postprandial blood samples in two situations: control and exercise. In the control group, subjects remained at rest in the morning before the collection of postprandial blood. In the exercise group, the subjects performed a 20-meter shuttle run test, with gradual increases in intensity until exhaustion, in the morning before the collection of postprandial blood. A significant decrease of postprandial triglycerides was observed in the exercise group (p<0.05), whereas blood glucose, total cholesterol, total protein and hematocrit remained unchanged in this condition. We conclude that in physically fit adults acute physical exercise with a gradual increase in intensity until exhaustion was able to reduce postprandial triglyceride levels and may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and the consequent development of associated cardiovascular diseases.

MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ATHLETE STARTERS AND NONSTARTERS OF FEMININE FUTSAL

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as caracteristicas morfologicas de atletas de futsal feminino titulares e reservas de alto nivel competitivo. Participaram 115 atletas, 60 titulares e 55 reservas pertencentes a 10 equipes que disputaram da XX Taca Brasil de Clubes, divisao especial. Medidas antropometricas foram obtidas com a finalidade de caracterizar e determinar o somatotipo corporal. As analises foram realizadas com auxilio de um pacote estatistico comercial (SPSS versao 18.0) adotando como nivel de significância p<0,05. Os resultados revelaram que as atletas titulares sao mais velhas (p=0,024), possuem maior tempo de pratica (p=0,019), menor percentual de gordura (p=0,047) e diâmetro do femur (p=048) do que as reservas, porem apresentaram semelhante classificacao somatotipologica (mesomorfo-endomorfo). Considerando que a composicao corporal e a experiencia esportiva sao atributos associados ao desempenho, as diferencas observadas entre as atletas titulares e reservas podem contribuir para a tomada de decisao do treinador na formacao da equipe titular em jogos de futsal feminino.The objective of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics of female futsal athlete starters and nonstarters. The study included 115 athletes, 60 starters and 55 nonstarters, belonging to 10 teams that competed in the XX Brazilian Cup of Clubs, special division. Anthropometric measurements were obtained with the purpose of characterizing and determining body somatotype. The analyzes were performed with the aid of a commercial statistical package (SPSS version 18.0), adopting a significance level of p< 0.05. The results showed that the athlete starters were older (p=0.024), had a longer practice time (p=0.019), and lower fat percentage (p=0.047) and femur diameter (p=0.048) than the nonstarters, however, the last two variables lost significance after adjustment for practice time. Nevertheless, they presented a similar somatotypological classification (mesomorph-endomorph). Considering that body composition and sports experience are attributes associated with performance, the observed differences between the athlete starters and nonstarters could contribute to the decision making of coaches in the formation of the titular team in womens futsal matches.

Intensidade de esforço percebido em diferentes exercícios aplicados com idosas em unidades básicas de saúde

Introduction: Physical Education have an increased participation and highlighting in Brazilian public health. Objective: To quantify the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and amount of aerobic and neuromuscular exercises applied in a basic unit of health in adult and elderly women in basic health units in a southern Brazilian city. Methods: Eighty-eight women took part in the study, mostly elderly (66.5±4.9 years). The RPE and amount of steps were monitored in 68 exercise sessions, with 38 neuromuscular sessions and 30 aerobic sessions. Results: The aerobic sessions presented slightly higher RPE than the neuromuscular session (12.6±1.5 versus 12.2±1.5) and the amount of steps (2103.6±964.0 versus 805.4±458.7 p/session) were higher in the aerobic session as well. Conclusion: Both exercise modes should contribute to improve daily physical activity of the participants. The difference observed in RPE is minimal and corroborate the recommendations for this population.

Morphological characteristics, muscle strength, and anaerobic power performance of wheelchair basketball players

The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of the morphological structure, muscle strength, and anaerobic power performance of the upper limbs of wheelchair basketball athletes. Eleven male players (33.2 ± 10.6 years, 71.8 ± 15.8 kg) were submitted to anthropometric measurements and dynamometry (kg), medicine ball throwing (m) and wingate arm tests (W). he results showed sitting height (79.7 ± 4.6 cm), relative body fat (20.7 ± 7.6%), handgrip strength and explosive muscle strength (50.1 ± 10.6 kg and 3.9 ± 1.1 m, respectively), as well as peak power (316.8 ± 126.2 W), mean power (160.5 ± 76.5 W) and fatigue index (50.4%) lower than the performance of other wheelchair basketball athletes. he morphological characteristics and performance of athletes in the present study suggest disadvantages when compared to other wheelchair basketball athletes.

Musculoskeletal pain perception and hypertension

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several human studies have shown an inverse relation between pain perception and blood pressure. This study aimed at investigating the association between musculoskeletal pain report and hypertension in a group of workers. METHODS: Using a body diagram with image and intensity scale (1 to 10), 349 workers (243 males and 106 females) were asked about the presence and sensitivity to musculoskeletal pain. All were submitted to blood pressure measurement and diagnosis of hypertension by the occupational physician. RESULTS: One hundred workers (28.7%) have reported some type of musculoskeletal pain and from these 12 were hypertensive and 88 normotensive. There has been no difference in musculoskeletal pain prevalence and sensitivity between hypertensive and normotensive workers. Notwithstanding the lack of significant difference, in average hypertensive workers had higher prevalence (38.7% vs 27.7%) and sensitivity to pain as compared to normotensive workers (2.3±0.8 vs 2.1±0.9, respectively). CONCLUSION: It was not possible to confirm in the group of studied workers literature evidences that hypertensive individuals have lower pain prevalence and sensitivity as compared to normotensive individuals.

Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on PPARG mRNA Expression Using Monozygotic Twin Case Control

The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) on anthropometric variables and PPARG mRNA expression was investigated. Monozygotic twin pairs aged 11–18 years were grouped into discordant (D) and concordant (C) high and low VO2max groups. VO2max was determined by progressive maximal exercise test on treadmill with gas exchange analysis. Body mass (BM), BMI, waist circumference (WC), triceps (TR), and subscapular (SB) skinfold thicknesses were measured. Twins from the discordant group had differences in VO2max values (D-high = 45.9 ± 10.0 versus D-low = 32.4 ± 10.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.025), while no differences were found in the concordant group (C-high = 42.4 ± 9.2 versus C-low = 38.8 ± 9.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.952). In discordant group, VO2max was negatively correlated with TR + SB (r = −0.540, P = 0.021) and positively correlated with PPARG expression in leukocytes (r = 0.952, P = 0.001). Moreover, PPARG expression was directly correlated with BM (r = 0.714, P = 0.047) and height (r = 0.762, P = 0.028). In concordant twins, VO2max was inversely correlated with BM (r = −0.290, P = 0.027), BMI (r = −0.472, P = 0.001), WC (r = −0.426, P = 0.001), and TR + SB (r = −0.739, P = 0.001). Twins D-high had 1.78-fold greater PPARG expression when compared with twins D-low (P = 0.048). In conclusion, the cardiorespiratory fitness may modulate PPARG expression in childhood and adolescence, independently of the genetic background.