Sandra Regina Freitas Pinheiro

Efeito dos níveis de triptofano digestível em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura

O nivel dietetico adequado (0,12; 0,16; 0,20; 0,24 e 0,28%) de triptofano digestivel foi avaliado em 400 codornas japonesas de 21 a 30 semanas de idade, fase de postura. As codornas foram alojadas em gaiolas de 125 cm2/ave, com peso inicial de 158,50 g e producao media de ovos de 84,50%. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, constituido por oito blocos, cinco tratamentos, oito repeticoes de dez aves/repeticao e tres periodos experimentais de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho das aves, consumo de racao (g/ave/dia), consumo de triptofano (mg/ave/dia), producao de ovos (%/ave/dia), peso medio dos ovos (g), massa de ovos (kg/ave/dia) e conversao alimentar (kg de racao/kg de ovos e por duzia de ovos). Somente as variaveis consumo de triptofano e producao de ovos apresentaram efeitos significativos dos niveis de triptofano nas dietas. As respostas de desempenho das codornas, respeitando o ajuste estatistico obtido por meio de modelos de regressao linear e do modelo descontinuo LRP, e a interpretacao biologica permitem concluir que, para se obter o melhor desempenho produtivo, as dietas de codornas devem conter o nivel de 0,21% de triptofano digestivel, o que resulta no consumo diario de 45,0 mg/ave de triptofano, correspondendo a relacao triptofano: lisina digestivel de 21%.

Níveis nutricionais de fósforo disponível para aves de corte ISA Label criadas em semiconfinamento

It was performed three trials to determine the nutritional levels of available phosphorus (aP) for males and females of the strain ISA Label in the starter (1 to 28 days), growing (28 to 56 days) and finisher (56 to 84 days) phases, reared in a free-range system. In each trial, 480 birds with age corresponding to rearing phase were housed in 24 experimental units with shelter and pasture areas. It was used a complete random experimental design, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (levels of aP and sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The levels of aP evaluated were the following: 0.25, 0.36, 0.47 and 0.58% in the starter phase; 0.18, 0.31, 0.44 and 0.57% in the growing phase; and 0.14, 0.27, 0.40 and 0.53% in the finisher phase. Body weight gain, feed intake, aP intake, feed conversion, contents of phosphorus, calcium and ash in the tibia and bone breaking strength were evaluated. According to results, the optimum dietary aP levels in the starter phase, for males and females, are 0.39 and 0.49%, which correspond to the intake of 3.94 and 3.96 g of aP/bird, respectively. For the growing phase, it is recommended 0.35% of aP in the diet for birds of both sexes, which correspond to an intake of 8.45 and 6.70 g of aP/bird. In the finisher phase, it is recommended the levels 0.32 and 0.30% of aP, which corresponds to intakes of 12 g and 9.5 g aP/bird for males and females, respectively.

Composição química e energética de amostras de milho submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem e períodos de armazenamento

O objetivo do experimento foi determinar a composicao quimica, energia bruta, energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida (EMAn) de amostras de milho submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem (temperatura ambiente e secagem artificial com temperaturas de 80, 100 e 120oC) e a diferentes periodos de armazenamento (0, 60, 120 e 180 dias). Para determinar os valores de EMA e de EMAn, foi utilizado o metodo tradicional de coleta total de excretas com pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 21 a 30 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro temperaturas de secagem e quatro periodos de armazenamento), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repeticoes por tratamento e sete aves por unidade experimental. Cada amostra de milho substituiu em 40% da materia natural, uma racao-referencia. Foram realizadas analises de composicao quimica e energia bruta de cada amostra de milho. Foi determinada tambem a energia bruta das excretas. A composicao quimica e os valores de energia bruta (kcal/kg) das amostras de milho nao foram significativamente influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento. Entretanto, os valores de EMA e de EMAn foram influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, isoladamente. Foi observado efeito quadratico para temperatura de secagem, com maiores valores de EMA e EMAn do milho nas temperaturas de 49 e 50oC, respectivamente, obtidos por equacao de regressao. Para o tempo de armazenamento, observou-se efeito linear decrescente para os valores de EMA e de EMAn. Observou-se que a temperatura de secagem e o tempo de armazenamento dos graos de milho reduziram os valores de EMA e de EMAn.

Exigência nutricional de lisina para codornas européias machos de 21 a 49 dias de idade

The trial was carried out to estimate the requirements of total lysine for male European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) from 21 to 49 days old. Three hundred and fifteen quails averaging 80 g BW were fed diets with corn, soy crumb and corn gluten crumb. The basal diet was not supplementated with L-lysine, containing 20% of crude protein, 2,900 kcal of energy metabolizable/kg and 0.9% of total lysine, supplemented with 0.125, 0.231, 0.357, and 0.483 g of L-lysine (79%), resulting in 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3% of total lysine, respectively. The trial was analyzed as a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments, seven replicates and nine birds per experimental unit. The following variables were studied: feeding intake, final body weight, body weight gain, feed:gain ratio, productive efficiency index, breast yield and carcass. No significant effect was observed for all the variables. It concluded that the dietary total lysine requirement is of 0.9% for male European quails from 21 to 49 days old, corresponding to a daily intake of 207 mg of lysine.

Bioavailability of methionine sources for laying hens in the production period, in a high temperature environment

Objetivou-se determinar se a biodisponibilidade de metionina analoga acido livre (MHA-AL) e igual ou superior a 65%, na base de produto, para poedeiras leves no periodo de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Durante quatro periodos experimentais de 28 dias, utilizaram-se 640 poedeiras comerciais com 24 semanas de idade, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos, oito repeticoes e oito aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma racao basal farelada deficiente em metionina, contendo 2.830 kcal de energia metabolizavel (EM)/kg, 14,5% de proteina bruta (PB) e 0,23% e 0,21% de metionina total e digestivel, respectivamente, suplementada com DL-metionina 99%, DLM (0,0325; 0,05; 0,065; 0,0975; 0,10 ou 0,15%) e com MHA-AL 88% (0,05; 0,10 e 0,15%). As caracteristicas avaliadas foram peso corporal (kg), producao de ovos (%), massa de ovos (g), peso medio dos ovos (g), consumo de racao (g) e conversao alimentar (g de racao/g de ovo). Com base nos dados de producao de ovos, massa de ovo e conversao alimentar, a biodisponibilidade da MHA-AL foi calculada em 74,66; 73,97; e 71,17%, respectivamente, conferindo a MHA-AL biodisponibilidade media de 73,22% em relacao a DLM, na base do produto. A biodisponibilidade da MHA-AL e superior a 65% na base do produto.The objective of the study was to determine whether bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (MHA-FA) is higher than 65%, in product basis, for 24 to 40 week-old laying hens. Six hundred and forty 24-week commercial laying hens were used in four 28-day experimental periods in a randomized complete design with ten treatments, eight replications and eight birds per experimental unit. The treatments were based on a basal feed deficient in methionine, containing 2,830 kcal metabolizable energy (EM)/kg and 14.5% crude protein (CP), with 0.23% and 0.21% total and digestible methionine, respectively, supplemented with DL-methionine 99% DLM (0.0325; 0.05; 0.065; 0.0975; 0.10 and 0.15%) and MHA-FA (0.05; 0.10 and 0.15%). The following variables were assessed: body weight (kg), egg production (%), egg mass (g), egg weight (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/feed/egg). Based on the egg production evaluation, egg mass and feed conversion, the bioavailability of MHA-FA was estimated at 74.66, 73.97 and 71.17%, respectively, giving MHA-FA an average bioavailability of 73.22% compared to DLM on product basis. The MHF-FA bioavailability was higher than 65% on product basis.

Níveis de cloreto de sódio para aves de corte da linhagem Colonial criadas em semiconfinamento

The objective of this work was to determine inclusion levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) in diets for male and female Colonial strain birds in the starter (from one to 28 days of age), growing (from 28 to 56 days of age) and finisher (from 56 to 84 days of age) phases reared in free-range system. In each trial, 480 birds at age corresponding to the rearing phase were housed in 24 experimental units containing areas of shelter and pasture. The experimental design used was a completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (NaCl levels × sex), totaling eight treatments and three replications of 20 birds. Levels of NaCl evaluated were: 0.20, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80% in the starter phase; 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70% in the growing phase and 0.10, 0.25, 0.40 and 0.55% in the finisher phase. It was evaluated weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, hematocrit concentration and sodium and chlorine blood levels. For the starter phase it is recommended 0.53% of NaCl level in diet for birds of both sexes. For the growing phase, the levels were 0.40 and 0.43% of NaCl, respectively, for males and females, and for the finisher phase, the level of 0.25% for birds of both sexes meets the nutritional requirements.

Enzimas exógenas em dietas para frangos de corte

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of an enzyme complex consisting of phytase, protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase on the parameters of performance, carcass yield and meat quality of broilers. Six hundred broiler chicks were used, and the animals were females with one day of age, from the Cobb 500 strain, and distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of inclusion of the enzyme complex (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400g/ton), and six repetitions, with twenty animals each. The weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake and production viability were assessed in stages between 1 to 21, 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days of age. The carcass yield and meat quality were evaluated at 35 and 42 days of age. We evaluated the characteristics of weight loss by cooking, shear force, water holding capacity, pH, lightness and color. The parameters of performance, carcass yield and carcass parts, and meat quality were not affected by the enzyme supplementation of diets fed to broiler chickens (P>0.05), except for the performance characteristics of the breast and the wings at 42 days of age (P<0.05).

Lisina digestível em rações para frangos de corte tipo caipira

Two experiments were carried in order to determine digestible lysine requirements for free-range broiler hillbilly, Redbro lineage, males and females, created in free range system during the growing (43 to 56) and final phases (57 to 70 days). For this, 630 chickens were housed in 30 pens with pasture area and the experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 5x2 (lysine and gender), with three replications with 21 chicks each. The digestible lysine levels evaluated were: 6.07, 7.07, 8.07, 9.07 and 10.07 (growth phase) and 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00 and 10.00 g/kg (final phase). Were evaluated the performance, the carcass and cuts yield, abdominal fat and meat quality characteristics. For the growth phase there were no differences of lysine levels on performance of the chiks, except for the consumption of digestible lysine. Therefore, the level of 6.07 g lysine /kg of diet meet the requirements of broilers of both genders. For the final phase it we observed effect of digestible lysine levels only to feed conversion, and the level of 8.51 g of lysine/kg of diet improve this trait.

Relações metionina + cistina: lisina digestíveis para codornas de corte machos em fase de terminação

In order of estimating the best relations methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine for quails males during the periods 22 to 28 and 29 to 35 days of age were developed two experiments. The quails received a basal diet deficient in methionine plus cystine, which were supplemented with five levels of DL-Methionine, replacing glutamic acid and starch, resulting in the following relations: 0.68, 0.73, 0.78, 0.83 and 0.88. A total of 280 quails distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replicates of seven quails per experimental unit. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and feathering of quails, composition of the carcass and nitrogen balance were evaluate. During the period from 22 to 28 days of age there was no effect for the variables studied front to relations methionine plus cystine : digestible lysine. During the period 29 to 35 days of age was observed effect on feed intake, methionine + cystine intake and weight gain. At 35 days old was observed effect on the yield of thigh and drumstick, ether extract and crude protein carcass and nitrogen retention. Are recommended that the relations methionine plus cystine : digestible lysine 0.68 and 0.88 over the period 22 to 28 and 29 to 35 days of age, respectively.

Níveis reduzidos de proteína na ração sobre desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de frangos de corte Label Rouge

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a reducao dos niveis proteina bruta (PB) sem alteracao na relacao dos aminoacidos essenciais para frangos de corte Label Rouge. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos nos periodos de crescimento (43 a 56 dias) e final (57 a 70 dias). Apos terem sido criados em galpao comercial, de 1 a 42 dias, tendo acesso a piquetes com gramineas tipo tifton 85 a partir do 21˚ dia, um total de 630 frangos machos da linhagem Colonial Label Rouge, foram alojados em 30 boxes (21 frangos/box), constituidos de area de abrigo e piquetes. Um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repeticoes foi utilizado. Os niveis de PB testados foram: 17,5; 17,0; 16,5; 16,0 e 15,5% e 17,0; 16,5; 16,0; 15,5 e 15,0% para os periodos de crescimento e final, respectivamente. O desempenho, rendimento de carcaca e cortes e qualidade da carne foram avaliados. Nenhum efeito dos niveis de PB sobre o desempenho dos frangos foi verificado nos dois periodos. Um baixo rendimento de carcaca quente e fria e alto valor de b* foi observado com os niveis de 16,26; 16,25 e 15,81%, respectivamente. O alto valor de b* pode ser resultado da alta concentracao de gluten de milho na racao. Enquanto a relacao ideal entre aminoacidos e lisina for atendida, e possivel reduzir os niveis de PB das racoes de frangos de corte tipo caipira para 15,5 e 15,0% nos periodos de crescimento e final, respectivamente, sem levar ao baixo desempenho e rendimento de carcaca e cortes.