Sandro Griza

Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to composite submitted to different surface pretreatments

Objectives Extensively destroyed teeth are commonly restored with composite resin before cavity preparation for indirect restorations. The longevity of the restoration can be related to the proper bonding of the resin cement to the composite. This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength of two self-adhesive resin cements to composite resin. Materials and Methods Composite discs were subject to one of six different surface pretreatments: none (control), 35% phosphoric acid etching for 30 seconds (PA), application of silane (silane), PA + silane, PA + adhesive, or PA + silane + adhesive (n = 6). A silicone mold containing a cylindrical orifice (1 mm2 diameter) was placed over the composite resin. RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) or BisCem (Bisco Inc.) self-adhesive resin cement was inserted into the orifices and light-cured. Self-adhesive cement cylinders were submitted to shear loading. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (p < 0.05). Results Independent of the cement used, the PA + Silane + Adhesive group showed higher microshear bond strength than those of the PA and PA + Silane groups. There was no difference among the other treatments. Unicem presented higher bond strength than BisCem for all experimental conditions. Conclusions Pretreatments of the composite resin surface might have an effect on the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to this substrate.

Dentin deproteinization effect on bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements

This study examined the effect of deproteinization on the bond strength between self-adhesive resin cements and dentin surfaces that were untreated (control), acid-etched, or acid-etched and subjected to a post-etch deproteinization treatment. Cylinders of RelyX Unicem or BisCem (n = 6) cement were build-up on the dentin surfaces and tested to determine shear strength. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (5%). While neither dentin pretreatment improved the bond strength for RelyX Unicem, deproteinization treatments resulted in greater bond strength in BisCem specimens while acid etching alone did not improve the performance of the material.

Thermally induced strains and total shrinkage of the polymethyl-methacrylate cement in simplified models of total hip arthroplasty

An evaluation of transient and stabilized strains in the cement mantle during polymerization was carried out in simplified cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) model. A mathematical approach combined with a simple finite element simulation was used to compare measured and calculated stabilized strain values and to provide the Von Mises stresses at the stem/cement interface due to shrinkage related to temperature decrease after exothermal reaction. A second similar model was carried out to measure stem/cement/mold interfacial shear strength and dimensional changes of the cement mantle to obtain total shrinkage due to temperature decrease plus cement polymerization. The results indicated that positive strain peaks found during the exothermic stage of polymerization have the potential to produce pre-loading cracking. After the initial expansion, it was observed a progressive strain decrease pattern down to stabilized values that takes place near 2h after the cementation. Even though there is a great deal of dispersion in the measured stabilized strain values, in average those values match quite well with the numerical simulations, indicating 4,7 MPa von Mises interfacial stress due to thermal shrinkage. The total cement shrinkage leads to a negative radial stress of 11 MPa and 14 MPa von Mises interfacial stress. Finally, total shrinkage has the potential to enhance gaps in the cement/mold interface.

Application of statistical techniques to evaluate the reliability of ultrasonic and rebound hammer measurements of compressive strength in the concrete of bridges

The present article intends to highlight some aspects necessary for teacher training related to the organic, mental and spiritual balance of the individuals involved in the educational process. Education in the twenty-first century lacks educational models with more comprehensive curricula and open up new conceptions that understand the whole man. The educator needs to know himself to pursue goals and overcome challenges. Self-knowledge can lead the teacher to the task of learning and teaching, promoting the integration between Knowing and Being, in order to contribute to the building of a more upright man committed to himself and to society.

Effect of Ceramic Barriers of Different Thicknesses on Microhardness of Light-Cured Resin Cements

This study evaluated the microhardness of two resin cements and a low-viscosity resin composite when light-cured under different ceramic thicknesses. A total of 20 samples (10.0 × 1.0 mm) of each material were polymerized by means of a LED light source with an intensity of 1,100 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds. For each experimental group, different ceramic thicknesses (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm) were applied to each sample. For the control group, the samples were polymerized without the presence of ceramics. Each material was then stored in dry vials that inhibited the passage of light for a period of 24 hours. After that time, each sample underwent Vickers hardness test (HMV, Shimadzu: 25 g/10 seconds). The data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (P < .05). For the control group, RelyX Veneer (3M ESPE), Filtek Flow Z350XT (3M ESPE), and Allcem Veneer (FGM) showed mean microhardness values and standard deviations of 44.42 ± 4.9, 44.25 ± 2.4, and 31.71 ± 2.4, respectively. The lowest microhardness value (24.13) was found when the greatest ceramic thickness (1.5 mm) was used on the Allcem Veneer cement (P < .01). The microhardness of resin-based materials was affected when the 1.5-mm-thick ceramic material was interposed during photoactivation.

Effect of temporary cements on the bond strength of a resin cement to a pre-hybridized dentin = Influência de cimentos temporários na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso sobre a dentina pré-hibridizada

This study assessed the bond strength of a resin cement when Immediate Sealed Dentin (ISD) was contaminated by different temporary cements applying a microshear test. Forty-eight fragments of third molar crowns were mounted in acrylic resin and worn until the dentin was exposed. The substrates were sealed with a 3-step conventional adhesive system and divided into four groups (n=12): Control (without temporary cement) and three groups that used different temporary cements - Provy, RelyX Temp NE, and Provitemp. The temporary cements were removed after 7 days of storage. Resin cement RelyX ARC was applied to the contaminated substrates. Microshear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data was analyzed with ANOVA and a Dunnett post-hoc test (p<0.05). Additionally, three samples from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscope analysis. Means and standard deviations of microshear bond strength (MPa) were 17.96±1.65, 16.70±1.43, 20.43±1.30 and 33.75±4.72 for Control, Provy, RelyX Temp, and Provitemp, respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed between the Control and Provitemp samples (p=0.0002). Adhesive failures were dominant (50%), followed by cohesive failures with cement (26%), and cohesive failures with dentin (24%). Residues of Provy and Provitemp were observed on the sealed dentin. Provitemp temporary cement sealing increased the microshear bond strength of the resin cement on dentin treated with IDS.

AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO DE JUNTAS PARAFUSADAS ATRAVÉS DE SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA

Resumo Os procedimentos de dimensionamento de juntas parafusadas devem corresponder adequadamente às condições impostas na prática, para garantir projetos de alta confiabilidade. Por isso, este estudo tem o objetivo de evoluir na compreensão do comportamento mecânico de juntas parafusadas submetidas à carga axial externa. Para tal foram realizadas simulações numéricas variando a pré-carga de aperto, o comprimento do parafuso, o atrito entre os componentes, a posição de aplicação da carga externa e os materiais dos membros apertados, de modo a verificar a parcela da carga externa transferida ao parafuso. Todos os fatores analisados alteram o comportamento mecânico da junta, exceto o atrito entre os componentes. A transmissão da carga ao parafuso se comporta de maneira não-linear pelo aumento da carga externa. Além disso, existe um patamar de carga externa abaixo do qual não há transferência de carga ao parafuso. Palavras-chave:Juntas parafusadas; Comportamento mecânico; Simulação numérica.

Análise da resistência à fadiga entre pilares retos sólidos e anatômicos do sistema cone morse

Contexto O estudo do fenomeno de fadiga e essencial porque as falhas de implantes geralmente sao causadas por este processo. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a resistencia a fadiga de conjuntos de pilares retos e anatomicos que foram submetidos a cargas ciclicas. Material e metodo Foram utilizados 37 implantes cone Morse e 37 pilares, divididos em dois grupos (n = 16: pilares retos, n = 21: pilares anatomicos). Os conjuntos foram submetidos a carga ciclica (5.000.000) usando o equipamento servo-hidraulico. Tres conjuntos de cada grupo foram submetidos a testes de flexao para determinar a resistencia de carga maxima, o que serviu de parâmetro para comparacao dos testes ciclicos. Foram avaliados numero de ciclos, carga e momento de flexao. Resultado Dos 31 pilares ciclicamente testados, 17 (54,8%) fraturaram em menos de 5 milhoes de ciclos; 8 (25,8%) destes eram pilares retos, e 9 (29%) eram anatomicos. Um total de 14 amostras (45,2%) resistiu a carga ciclica. De acordo com o teste exato de Fisher, nao houve diferenca entre os grupos quanto a fratura. Conclusao Apesar dos pilares retos terem maior carga media e momento de flexao que os anatomicos, os dois tipos de pilares apresentaram desempenho semelhante quanto a resistencia a fratura in vitro.

Effect of removal and reinsertion of force-closed stems on deformation of total hip arthroplasty

Objectives This study investigated removal of a force-closed stem, done in order to improve acetabular exposure during revision, with reinsertion afterwards. It is unknown how much this procedure modifies the stem/cement interface. Methods Three tapered stem models were implanted into composite femurs. Strain gauges were embedded in the medial aspect of the cement mantle and in several positions on the outer surface of the femurs. The deformation was measured during static loading, which was applied at two different times: after implantation and after one million loading cycles, followed by stem removal and reinsertion. The t test was performed. The differences in deformation were compared (at p ≤ 0.05) between the two static loading times and among the three stem designs. Results No significant differences in deformation were found after the two loading times for the three models. No significant differences in the initial deformations of the three models were found for most of the gauges attached to the femurs. Conclusions Reinsertion of the force-closed stem does not alter the load transmission from the stem to the cement and to the surface of the femur, even after one million loading cycles.

Experimental evaluation of cyclic stresses on axially loaded bolted joints

The bolted joints fatigue behavior was analyzed by using torque as tightening method and steel and aluminum as members’ material. The bolt used in the current study was the M6 class 8.8. The bolt preload value was calculated based on the bolts’ elongation in each applied torque. The fatigue limit increases as the torque increases up to the torque limit to fracture the bolt. This behavior was seen in both members’ material. Steel members support higher torque before bolt fracture. An analytical study also evaluated the relationship between the cyclic stress amplitude and the mean stress experienced by fatigue-tested bolts based on the available models for joint stiffness. The results were compared to the bolt fatigue diagram by Burguete and Patterson. The herein studied linear elastic theoretical models showed wide range in the correlation between stress amplitude and mean stress.