Sanduin Shatar

Essential Oil Composition of Some Plants Cultivated in Mongolian Climate

Abstract The oils of Mentha piperita L., Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill, Foeniculum rulgare Mill. ssp. capillaceum Gilib. var. dulce Mill., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L, Ocimum hasilicum L., Dracocephalum moldavica L, Laurus nohilis L and Carum carvi L., which were produced from plants grown in Mongolia between 1989-1993 were analyzed by GC and GCVMS. Although the expected major components were found in each of the oils, their amounts varied from their commercial equivalents.

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ocimum Basilicum cultivated in Mongolian Desert-Gobi

Ocimum Basilicum L. (Sweet Basil ) is cultivated commercially in many countries (e.g., India, France, Marocco, Italy) mainly for its essential oil, which is used extensively in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The medicinal propertie s of the plant are highlighted by its use as a carminative and stimulant. The seeds are said to have demulcent and diuretic properties [1, 2] and the oil’s pleasant odor is responsible for its use in expensive perfumes, liqueurs, and expensive seasonings [3]. They are also commonly cultivated in many other tropical countries, such as South America, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, etc. [4]. Ocimum Basilicum L. is an introduced species to Fiji and is recognized as a useful therapeutic agent among these peoples [1, 5]. The aromatic leaves are used fresh or dried as a flavoring agent for food and confectionery products and posses antimicrobial activity [6]. A number of different chemotypes of Sweet Basil exist. Varieties rich in methyl cinnamate, linalool, 1.8-cineole, methyl chavicol, and eugenol have been established [7, 8]. Seeds of Ocimum Basilicum L. from the USA were used in this study. The air-dried parts of Ocimum Basilicum were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus [9] for 2 h. About 15 mg of oil, which was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, was dissolved in 1 mL of CH 3OH (for spectroscopy or for chromatography). GC analysis was performed on an HP 6890 Plus gas chromatograph equipped with a FID and fitted with an HP-5 column (L = 25 m, ID = 0.25 mm). The analytical conditions were: carrier gas H 2, injector temperature (PTV) 250°C, detector temperature 260°C, temperature programmed 60° (2 min hold) to 220° (10 min hold) at 4°C/min. The Hewlett–Packard 6890 Plus chromatograph was fitted with the fused silica capillary column HP-5. The conditions of use were the same as described above with He as carrier gas, interface with the mass spectrometer HP 5972 MSD (70 eV). The temperature was programmed as reported a bove. Component identific ation was carried out by comparing MS data with those reported in the Wiley library on Chemstation HP, and in some cases with substances identified from the oil’s known composition and also with standard substances [10]. Oxygenated constituents are the most important compounds: 1.8-cineol (8.54%), linalool (27.26%), methylchavicol (19.77%), and ( Z)-α-bergamotene (10.00%) (Table 1).

A Study on Mongolian Mints. A New Chemotype from Mentha asiatica Borriss and Constituents of M. arvensis L. and M. piperita L.

ABSTRACT The essential oils of Mentha asiatica Borriss, M. arvensis L. and M. piperita L. of Mongolian origin were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils of M. asiatica and M. arvensis, which were produced from plants collected from their natural habitat, were found to contain rosefuran (11.56%) and rosefuran oxide (63.17%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (10.60%), (E)-β-ocimene (>17.0%) and linalool (46.63%) respectively. The oil of M. piperita, which was produced from cultivated plants, contained the usual constituents such as menthone (32.22%) and menthol (35.07%) as major compounds. The rosefuran/rosefuran oxide-rich M. asiatica is an example of a new chemotype, whereas the M. arvensis was found to be similar to a chemotype previoulsy found in N. America. The identities of rosefuran and rosefuran oxide were confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR.

Comparative Study of the Essential Oil of Rhodiola rosea L. from Mongolia

Abstract The essential oil of the rhizomes of Mongolian Rhodiola rosea L. was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six constituents were identified in the oil. The main components in the oil were geraniol (32.3%), myrtenol (15.7%), octanol (13.7%), trans-pinocarveol (11.6%), trans-myrtanol (3.2%), isopinocamphone (2.8%) and piperitone (1.2%). Comparisons are made with Rhodiola rosea rhizome oil from Finland and Norway and oils from other Rhodiola species (R. crenulata, Tibet; R. fastigiata, Tibet; R. yunnanesis, China).

A new cembrane glycoside in Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus from Gobi desert

A new cembrane glycoside, nephthenol 15-O-β-d-quinovoside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus. Its structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as by mass spectrometry. This is the first report of the occurrence of a cembrane glycoside in vascular plants.

Essential oil Composition of some Mongolian Artemisia Species

Abstract Essential oils from three Mongolian Artemisia species, A. adamsii Bess, A. santolinifolia Krasch, and A. glauca Pall. Ex. Willd, were analyzed by GC-MS. Seventy nine constituents were identified in the three oils. α-Thujone (13.10 – 67.12%) and β-thujone (11.35 – 58.77%), 1.8–cineole (14.32 – 21.37%) E-nerolidol (13.89%) were detected in A. adamsii and A. santolinifolia, as major components respectively, while methyl eugenol (46.77%). (Z)-β-ocimene (11.27%) and terpinolene (9.34%) formed major constituents of A. glauca.

Essential Oil Composition of Three Ajania species from Mongolia

Abstract The results from comparative study of essential oils of three Ajania species : A. trifida, A. achilleoides, and A. fruticulosa wild growing in Mongolian Goby are reported in the present study. A. trifida and A. achilleoides have not been studied so far. The essential oil composition has been analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-three components were identified on the bases of KI and MS. β-thujone (19.18 %) and thymol (18.04 %) are principal compounds in A. fruticulosa. Camphor (41.16 %and 58.25 %) is the main component for the oils from A. trifida and A. achilleoides, followed by 1,8-cineole (12.52 %and 10.41 %). Oxygenated monoterpens characterized all three studied oils. The obtained results showed close relationship between A. trifida, and A. achilleoides and existence of chemotypes for A. fruticulosa.

The Leaf Essential Oils and Taxonomy of Juniperus centrasiatica Kom., J. jarkendensis Kom., J. pseudosabina Fisch., Mey. & Ave-Lall., J. sabina L. and J. turkestanica Kom. from Central Asia

Abstract The leaf essential oils of Juniperus centrasiatica Kom., J. jarkendensis Kom., J. pseudosabina Fisch., Mey. & Ave-Lall., J. sahina L., and J. turkestanica Kom. have been analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were very similar and were dominated by α-pinene, sabinene and cedrol with moderate amounts of limonene, terpinen-4-ol and elemol. On the basis of the oils and morphological observations, it is concluded that J. centrasiatica, and J. turkestanica is conspecific with J. pseudosabina. Comparisons were made with the leaf oil of a shrub form of Juniperus indica Bertol from Nepal. Juniperus indica (shrub form) from Nepal was found to be very distinct from J. centrasiatica, J. pseudosabina and J. turkestanica. In addition, J. jarkendensis oil was found to be very similar to J. sabina oil (Tian Shan Mtns. China).

Chemotypical Character of the Eleven Artemisia Species from Gobi Desert-Mongolia

Abstract The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of A. davajamtczii Darji., A.subchrysolepis Filat., A. gorjaevii Poljak., A. schischkinii Krasch., A.mongolica Fisch. ex. Nakai, A. gobica (Krasch.) Grub., A. intricata Franch., A. ordasica Krasch., A. saposhnicova Krasch., A. sphaerocepala Krasch., A. caespitosa Ldb., that grown in wild in Desert Gobi, Mongolia. The oils were analyzed by a combination of Capillary GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the oils were as follow: A. davajamczii Darijimaa et RKam 1.8-cineol (28.83%), α-thujone (12.90%), camphor (8.53%), and β-thujone (6.76%). A. caespitosa Ldb: 1.8-cineole (31.10%), camphor (12.55%), α-thujone (7.32%) and terpinen-4-ol (6.83%). A subchrysolepis Filat: camphor (35.90%), β-thujone (20.82%), α-thujone (14.94%), 1.8-cineol (11.75%) and camphene (5.48%). A. gorjaevii. Poljak.: camphor (56.7%), 1.8-cineole (14.47%), β-thujone (8.98%) and α-thujone (5.26%). A. schischkinii Krash.: camphor (46.51%), 1.8-cineole (17.11%), α-thujone (15.40%) and sabinene (7.44%). A. mongolica Fisch. ex. Nakai: 1.8-cineole (14.58%), (Z)-β-ocimene (14.56%) and camphor (7.10%). A. gobica (Krasch) Grub.: camphor (25.16%), 1.8-cineole (15.30%), α-thujone (12.80%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.16%). A. intricata. Franch: camphor (50.02%), 1.8-cineole (15.38%) and camphene (5.11%). A. ordasica Krasch: (Z)-β-ocimene (19.14%), β-pinene (18.40%), limonene (8.20%), trans-sabinene hydrate (7.76%), α-pinene (7.10%). sabinene (6.66%) and p-cymene (5.74%). A. saposhnicova Krasch : β-pinene (18.86%), limonene (9.21%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.69%), α-pinene (7.48%). and p-cymene (6.85%). A. sphaerocephala Krasch: β-pinene (16.16%), germacrene-D (14.83%),γ-terpinene (11.06%), 1.8-cineole ( 10.14%), (E)-β-ocimene (8.80%), α-pinene (5.41%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (5.10%).

The Essential Oil of Artemisia subdigitata Mattf. From Mongolian the Desert—Gobi

Abstract The leaf and stem oils of Artemisia subdigitata Mattf. were analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. The leaf oil was dominated by eugenol (11.2%), methyl eugenol (9.4%) and camphor (9.0%). The remainder of the oil consisted mainly of β-pinene (6.5%), limonene (8.1%), 1,8-cineole (5.9%), spathulenol (4.8%), linalool (4.5%), γ-curcumene (4.4%) and a mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes.