Sang Hyo Woo

Implemented edge shape of an electrical stimulus capsule

Recently, a capsule endoscope has been developed and many researchers have been trying to develop locomotive capsules. To develop locomotive capsules, the inner volume of the capsule has to be large enough to insert actuators, and the edge shape of the exterior capsule has to be suitable for locomotion. There are many locomotional methods, but an electrical stimulus method provides the appropriate power consumption, plus the shape of the capsule is the same as general telemetry capsules. In this paper, the optimal shape of the electrical stimulus capsule (ESC) was designed and implemented to provide the appropriate inner volume and moving speed of the capsule.

Telemetry Capsule for Pressure Monitoring in the Gastrointestinal Tract

In this paper, the pressure monitoring telemetry system has been designed and implemented for an accurate pressure measure-ment inside the gastrointestinal tract with minimizing pain and inconvenience. The system is composed of a miniaturized pres-sure measurement capsule and an external receiver. The per-formance of the telemetry capsule for monitoring pressure in the gastrointestinal tract is demonstrated by the results of animal in-vivo experiments.

Fabrication of the Wireless Systems for Controlling Movements of the Electrical Stimulus Capsule in the Small Intestines

Diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract are becoming more prevalent. New techniques and devices, such as the wireless capsule endoscope and the telemetry capsule, that are able to measure the various signals of the digestive organs (temperature, pH, and pressure), have been developed for the observation of the digestive organs. In these capsule devices, there are no methods of moving and grasping them. In order to make a swift diagnosis and to give proper medication, it is necessary to control the moving speed of the capsule. This paper presents a wireless system for the control of movements of an electrical stimulus capsule. This includes an electrical stimulus capsule which can be swallowed and an external transmitting control system. A receiver, a receiving antenna (small multi-loop), a transmitter, and a transmitting antenna (monopole) were designed and fabricated taking into consideration the MPE, power consumption, system size, signal-to-noise ratio and the modulation method. The wireless system, which was designed and implemented for the control of movements of the electrical stimulus capsule, was verified by in-vitro experiments which were performed on the small intestines of a pig. As a result, we found that when the small intestines are contracted by electrical stimuli, the capsule can move to the opposite direction, which means that the capsule can go up or down in the small intestines.

Duodenum Identification Mechanism for Capsule Endoscopy

The aim of this study is to implement a duodenum identification mechanism for capsule endoscopes because commercially available capsule endoscopes sometimes present a false negative diagnosis of the duodenum. One reason for the false negative diagnosis is that the duodenum is the fastest moving part within the gastrointestinal tract and the current frame rate of the capsule is not fast enough. When the capsule can automatically identify that it is in the duodenum, the frame rate of the capsule can be temporarily increased to reduce the possibility of a false negative diagnosis. This study proposes a mechanism to identify the duodenum using capacitive proximity sensors that can distinguish the surrounding tissue and transmit data using RF communication. The implemented capsule (D11 mm × L22 mm) was smaller than the commercially available capsule endoscopes, and power consumption was as low as 0.642 mW. Preexperiments were con ducted to select an appropriate electrode width in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and in vitro experiments were con ducted to verify whether the implemented capsule could identify the duodenum within 3 s. The experiment showed that the identification rate of duodenum was 93% when the velocity of the capsule was less than 1 cm/s.

Lung Segmentation by New Curve Stopping Function Using Geodesic Active Contour Model

To detect lung area, this paper proposes curve stopping function that is based on CT coefficient of area of lung parenchyma instead of existing edge indication function. The proposed method was compared numerically using various measures and this method can detect better lung parenchyma region than existing methods. In addition, detecting procedure of the area of lung parenchyma was visually verified in lung images.

Design and implementation of wireless transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) for smart phone

The aim of this study is to design and implement a wireless transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) that is controlled by a smart phone. The proposed TENS can be attached to the human arm with the help of an arm band for providing electrical stimuli via a disposable electrode. These stimuli help suppress pain and increase skin temperature, and the electrical parameters of the stimuli are controlled with the help of a smart phone. For implementing a small (21 × 20 mm) and electrically safe TENS, a modified boost converter, which continuously monitors the peak current output to ensure the electrical safety, is used. Simple in vivo experiments are conducted to identify the pain control ability and skin temperature increment in the human arm.

An Iterative Bilateral Weighted Median filter for the removal of High-Density impulse noise

For removing the impulse noise with better edge and fine detail preservation, we propose an iterative bilateral weighted median (IBWM) filter. Instead of the specified weight of WM filters, we propose a novel weight fuction, bilateral weight (BW) where is the combination of domain weight (DW) in spatial domain and range weight (RW) in intensity domain. The DW is designed to give higher weight to pixels that are spatially close to a center pixel. And the RW is designed to give higher weight to pixels that are similar to the mean value of pixels in the filtering window. Finally, the rates of DW and RW are controlled according to noise distributions in a filtering window. For ensuring high accuracy of noise detection, the IBWM filter uses iterative process using increasing filtering window size. Simulation results indicate that our algorithm provides a significant improvement than any other existing techniques.

Wireless skin temperature sensing patch

Temperature is very important parameter of the human body. By measuring the body temperature early diagnoses of the simple diseases such as fever are possible. In patient suffering from a fever the body temperature has to be measured again and again which is irritating work for the nurses in the hospital. So it is advantageous to make a device which can measure the skin temperature for 24 hours and thus nurses are used for more critical work. This paper focused on measuring of skin temperature of the human body wirelessly for 24 hour. The system used the 434 MHz ISM band frequency to send the signal wirelessly to the receiver. Classic OOK communication is used.

HEN Simulation of a Controlled Fluid Flow-Based Neural Cooling Probe Used for the Treatment of Focal and Spontaneous Epilepsy

Abstract Brain disorders such as epilepsy is a condition that affects an estimated 2.7 million Americans, 50,000,000 worldwide,approximately 200,000 new cases of epilepsy are diagnosed each year. Of the major chronic medical conditions, epilepsy is amongthe least understood. Scientists are conducting research to determine appropriate treatments, such as the use of drugs, vagus n ervestimulation, brain stimulation, and Peltier chip-based focal cooling. However, brain stimulation and Peltier chip-based stimula tionprocesses cannot effectively stop seizures. This paper presents simulation of a novel heat enchanger network(HEN) techniquedesigned to stop seizures by using a neural cooling probe to stop focal and spontaneous seizures by cooling the brain. The desi gnedprobe was composed of a U-shaped tube through which cold fluid flowed in order to reduce the temperature of the brain. Thesimulation results demonstrated that the neural probe could cool a 7 mm 2 area of the brain when the fluid was flowing atb a velocityof 0.55 m/s. It also showed that the neural cooling probe required 23 % less energy to produce cooling when compared to the Peltierchip-based cooling system.

Design and implement of patch type wireless skin temperature measuring system

In every large hospital, nurses must perform simple repetitive tasks such as measuring body temperature. Such tedious work reduces nurses` motivation to provide quality medical care, which is an important element of the medical services provided by a hospital. If a device were available to measure body temperature, nurses could focus on the more important aspects of providing quality medical care to the patients. However, body temperature is generally measured from the throat, anus, tympanum or armpit, where it is difficult to affix a patch type device. In addition, general body temperature measuring points shows moving artifact error; therefore, it is not good point to continually measure the temperature. In this paper, a patch type skin temperature measuring system was developed. To appropriately measure the skin temperature, a thermal transducer was implemented with a thin (0.5 mm) temperature sensor. The system is small and thin (), and weighs only 5 g including a battery, case and circuit; therefore, it is small and light enough to function as a patch type device. Moreover, the system worked for 5 days. To investigate differences between the experimental and conventional thermometer, simple clinical experiments were performed with 17 volunteers, and the result showed some correlation between the implemented system and conventional thermometer (Correlation coefficient