Sang-Kyu Kam

Biosorption Characteristics in the Mixed Heavy Metal Solution by Biosorbents of Marine Brown Algae

The biomass of nonliving, dried marine brown algaeU. pinnatifida, H. fusiformis, andS. fulvellum harvested in the sea near Cheju Island, Korea were studied for their sorption ability of copper, zinc, and lead. The metal uptakes by biosorbent materials increased with increasing initial metal concentration and pH in the range of Ci 0.0510 mM. The higher metal uptakes were obtained in the range of pHs 4.0–5.3, 4.0–6.0, and 3.0–6.0 for copper, lead, and zinc, respectively. The metal uptakes by biosorbent materials decreased in the following sequence:U. pinnatifida> H. fusiformis> S. fulvellum. The maximum metal uptake values ofU. pinnatifida for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ in the single metal solution are 2.58, 2.6, and 2.08 meq/g in the range of pHs 5.3–4.4, respectively. The metal uptakes by biosorbent materials in the mixed metal solution decreased greatly in comparison to each metal uptake in the single metal solution.

Adsorption of Non-degradable Eosin Y by Activated Carbon

The adsorption behavior of Eosin Y on activated carbon (AC) in batch system was investigated. The adsorption isotherm could be well fitted by the Langmuir adsorption equation. The kinetics of adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The temperature variation was used to evaluate the values of free energy (), enthalpy () and entropy (). The positive value of enthalpy change for the process confirms the endothermic nature of the process and more favourable at higher temperature, the positive entropy of adsorption reflects the affinity of the AC material toward Eosin Y and the negative free energy values indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous. With the increase of the amount of AC, removal efficiency of Eosin Y was increased, but adsorption capacity was decreased. And adsorption capacity was increased with the decrease of particle size. With the increase of the amount of AC, removal efficiency of Eosin Y was increased, but adsorption capacity was decreased. And adsorption capacity was increased with the decrease of particle size.

Adsorption Characteristics of Lithium Ion by Zeolite Modified in K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ Forms

Abstract The adsorption of lithium ion onto zeolite was investigated depending on contact time, initial concentration, cation forms, pH, and adsorption isotherms by employing batch adsorption experiment. The zeolite was converted into different forms such K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ . The zeolite had the higher adsorption capacity of lithium ion in K + form followed by Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ forms, which was in accordance with their elctronegativities. The lithium ion adsorption was explained using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Adsorption rate of lithium ion by zeolite modified in K + form was controlled by pseudo-second-order and particle diffusion kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 17.0 mg/g for zeolite modified in K + form. The solution pH influenced significantly the lithium ions adsorption capacity and best results were obtained at pH 5-10. Key words

Odor Removal Characteristics of Biofilters in Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities Analyzing Composite Odor and Odor Quotient

The removal characteristics of composite odor and malodorous substances using 33 biofilters in sewage treatment facilities were investigated. The geometry mean values of composite odor and odor quotient were reduced by 52.7% and 59.2% at the outlet of the biofilters, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the biofiltes for the composite odor and odor quotient show a significant difference statistically(p=0.000 and trimethylamine, aldehydes, VOCs and alcohols, organic acids do not.

Variations of Adsorption Characteristics of Binary Vapor According to Packing System of Double-layer Adsorption Bed

This work is to study the variations of adsorption characteristics of binary vapor according to packing system of double-layer bed by fixed bed experiment. Breakthrough curves of single and binary vapor composed of acetone and benzene on single-layer and double-layer adsorption bed composed of activated carbon (AC) and silica-aluminar (SA) were compared. Adsorptions of binary vapor on double-layer bed were influenced by the differences of surface area between adsorbents as well as the polarity difference between adsorbent and adsorbate. The roll-up phenomenon of acetone vapor was happened by replacement with competing adsorption between acetone vapor and benzene vapor on AC bed, but it was not happened on SA bed because acetone vapor and benzene vapor had less difference in affinity with SA bed. The breakthrough times of acetone vapor and benzene vapor on AC/SA double-layer bed were three times and 1.4 times larger respectively than on SA/AC double-layer bed, the differences of breakthrough times were relatively larger than the equilibrium adsorption capacities according to packing system of double-layer bed.

Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbons According to Impregnation Concentrations and Inlet CO 2 Gas Concentrations

Abstract The adsorption characteristics of CO 2 gas on impregnated activated carbons with MEA (Mono-ethanolamine) and AMP (2-Amino 2-methyl 1-propanol) were studied to improve the adsorption ability of CO 2 gas on activated carbon. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of CO 2 gas was increased by increment of impregnation concentration up to 40 %, but decreased above 50 %. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon impregnated with AMP was higher than activated carbon impregnated with MEA. The breakthrough was fast according to increment of inlet concentration of CO 2 gas.Key Words: Adsorption, Impregnation, Activated carbon, CO 2 gas, AMP, MEA 1) 1. 서 론 산업이 발전함에 따라 지구온난화의 주원인인 이산화탄소의 배출량이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 기상청자료에 따르면 2006년 기준으로 전 세계 배출 이산화탄소량은 전년대비 0.9 % 증가한 600백만 톤에 이르며 1990년부터 이산화탄소의 배출량은 연평균 4.5 %의 증가세를 기록하고 있다. 이산화탄소의 배출원은 에너지부문에서 84.3 %로 가장 높았으며 산업공정, 농업, 폐기물이 뒤를 이었다. 이산화탄소를 처리하기 * Corresponding author : Min-Gyu Lee, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, KoreaPhone: +82-51-629-6435E-mail: mglee@pknu.ac.k위한 방법으로는 유용물질로 전환하는 방법과 분리하는 방법이 있다. 이산화탄소를 유용물질로 전환하는 방법에는 광물을 이용하는 화학적방법과 미생물을 활용한 생물학적 전환방법으로 나누어지며(Lee 등, 2009), 분리하는 방법에는 현재까지 막분리법, 흡수법, 그리고 흡착법에 대한 연구가 주를 이룬다(Yoo 등, 2007). 막분리법은 장치가 간단하고 조작이 용이하다. 하지만 고가의 분리막에 비해 안정성이 낮고 대용량의 배출가스를 처리하는데 어려움이 있다(Sea 등, 2002). 흡수법은 대용량 가스를 처리 할 수 있지만 장치의 부식이 심하고 이산화탄소를 재생하는데 많은 에너지를 필요로 한다(Oh 등, 2001). 그에 반해 흡착법은 공정이 간편하고 흡착제의 재사용 및 자원회수 등을 할 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 적은 비용으로 큰

Preparation of Solid-Phase Extractant by Immobilizing Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid (D2EHPA) and Tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP) in Polysulfone and Removal Characteristics of Cu(II)

Abstract The solid-phase extractant PS-D2EHPA/TBP was prepared by immobilizing two extractants D2EHPA and TBP in polysulfone (PS). The prepared PS-D2EHPA/TBP was characterized by using fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution was investigated in batch system. The experiment data were obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir model and the removal capacity of Cu(II) by solid extractant PS-D2EHPA/TBP obtained from Langmuir model was 3.11 mg/g at 288 K. The removal capacity of Cu(II) was increased according to increasing pH from 2 to 6, but the removal capacity was decreased below pH 3 remarkably. Key words : Copper, Solid-phase extractant, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), Tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP), Immobilization, Polysulfone (PS) 1. 서 론 1) 산업폐수에서 배출되는 폐수 중에는 유해 중금속을 함유하고 있어 적절한 처리없이 배출될 경우 소량이 존재하더라도 생태계의 먹이사슬에 의한 농축효과로 인해 생물체에 커다란 위해를 끼칠 수 있다(Volesky 등, 1993). 특히, 구리는 일부 고등식물 및 미생물에 대해 유독한 금속이며, 포유동물에 대해서도 비소 및 수은과 더불어 가장 높은 독성을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다(Lee 등, 2002).일반적으로 중금속 물질을 제거하는 방법으로 침전법(Kurbatova 등, 2007), 이온교환법(Dietz 등, 2001), 용매추출법(Kocherginsky 등, 2002) 및 흡착(Chegrouche 등, 2009) 등이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 침전법의 경우 대

Characteristics of Norovirus Occurrence in Jeju

The occurrence trends and moleculargenetic characteristics of noroviruses detected from gastroenteritis patients in Jeju from 2008 to 2010 were investigated. In addition, the norovirus contamination and its characteristics of groundwaters in Jeju were examined. The incidence caused by norovirus in viral gastroenteritis patients has increased every year and was higher in male than in female. The patients caused by norovirus occurred throughout all months. The incidences started to increase from November, were very high from December to February, started to decrease from March, and were very low from June to September. The patients caused by norovirus occurred throughout all ages, however, the infants below 5 years were the most susceptible to norovirus infection and the age group from teens to forties were the most insensitive to norovirus infection. The sequencing analysis showed that 18 genotypes (8 genogroup I (GI) and 10 genogroup II (GII)) were detected, the incidences caused by GI and GII were 11.5% and 88.5%, respectively, and predominant genotype was GII-4 (70.5%), which was the major genotype giving rise to norovirus incidences in Jeju, together with GII-3 (6.1%) and GI-4 (4.1%). Among 20 groundwaters sampled at 9 wells (4 non-drinking water wells and 5 drinking water wells), noroviruses were detected from 2 groundwaters sampled at one non-drinking water well and their genotypes were GI-5 and GI-8.

Breakthrough Characteristics for Lithium Ions Adsorption in Fixed-bed Column Packed with Activated Carbon by Modified with Nitric Acid

Abstract The adsorption experiments of lithium ions were conducted in the fixed bed column packed with activated carbon modified with nitric acid. Effect of inlet concentration, bed hight and flow rate on the removal of lithium ions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal and the adsorption capacity of lithium ions increased with increasing inlet concentration, and decreased with increasing flow rate. When the bed height increased, the removal and the adsorption capacity increased. The breakthrough curves gave a good fit to Bohart-Adams model. Adsorption capacity and breakthrough time calculated from Bohart-Adams model, these results were remarkably consistent with ​the experimental values. The adsorption capacity was not changed in the case of 3 times repetitive use of adsorbent. Key words : Activated carbon, Adsorption, Breakthrough curve, Fixed-bed, Lithium ions 1. 서 론 1) 리튬은 높은 에너지 저장능력을 가진 물질로 2차전지의 재료, 세라믹, 촉매, 의약품 등의 다양한 분야에서 원료로 사용되고 있다. 또한 앞으로 대용량 전지, 전기자동차 등이 실용화 될 경우에 리튬에 대한 수요가 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 이와같이 리튬은 다양한 분야에 응용될 수 있는 중요한 자원으로 그 중요성이 중가하고 있지만 리튬의 육상 매장량은 약 1,400만 톤에 불과하다. 이러한 리튬의 매장량의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 최근에는 리튬이 약 2,400억 톤이 포함된 해수로부터 리튬을 회수하기 위한 많은 연구들이 이루어지고 있다(Kitajou 등, 2003; You 등, 2013a). 수중의 리튬을 회수하는 방법은 이온교환(Navarrete -Guijosa 등, 2003), 용매추출(Kim 등, 2003), 막분리(Tsuyoshi와 Takayuki), 흡착(Seron 등, 2005) 등이 사

Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by Solid-Phase Extractant Prepared by Immobilizing D2EHPA with Polysulfone

Abstract PS-D2EHPA beads were prepared by immobilizing di-2-ethylhexyl-phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) with polysulfone (PSf). The removal experiments of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by the prepared PS-D2EHPA beads were conducted batchwise. The removal efficiency of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by PS-D2EHPA beads was increased with increasing pH of solution. The removal rate of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum removal capacity of Cu(II) and Pb(II) obtained from Langmuir isotherm were 2.58 mg/g and 12.63 mg/g, respectively. External mass transfer coefficients for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by PS-D2EHPA beads were obtained 0.61×10 -2 5.87×10 -2 /min and 1.55×10 -2 8.53×10 -2 /min, respectively and diffusion coefficients were obtained 1.32×10 -4 3.98×10 -4 cm 2 /min and 1.80×10 -4 2.28×10 -4 cm 2 /min, respectively. Key words : D2EHPA, Polysulfone, Immobilization, Cu(II), Pb(II), Extractant 1) 1. 서 론 산업의 발전으로 인하여 여러 산업 분야에서 배출되는 폐수 중에 함유된 Cu(II)나 Pb(II) 등의 중금속은 생물학적 분해가 어렵기 때문에 수중 생태계를 오염시키는 원인이 되고 있으며, 이러한 중금속이 인간에게 노출되는 경우에는 빈혈이나 간염과 같은 질병을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다(Cui 등, 2013).수중의 중금속 이온을 제거하기 위한 방안으로 일반적으로 산업분야에서는 액-액 추출법이 많이 사용되고 있다. Mishra와 Devi(2011)는 추출제 Cyanex 921이 수중의 Cu(II)를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있다고 하였으며, Sarangi 등(2007)은 추출제 tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP), LIX 84I 및 Cyanex 923 등을 사용한 연구에서 각 추출제가 수중의 Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II)을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있다고 하였다. Ren 등(2007)은 추출제 di-(2-