Sangjin Jo

The first complete plastome sequence from the family Sapotaceae, Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni

Abstract In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni (Sapotaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX426215). This is the first time a plastome from the Sapotaceae has been sequenced. The gene order and structure of the P. campechiana plastome are collinear with those of the typical plastome of land plants. The complete plastome size is 157,922 bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 87,122 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,559 bp, which are separated by a pair of 26,120 bp-long inverted repeat regions. The overall A–T content of the plastome sequence is 63.2%. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and 4 are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 91 simple sequence repeat loci were identified within the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. campechiana is a sister group of the Primulaceae-Ebenaceae clade with 100% bootstrap support.

The complete plastome sequence of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Apocynaceae)

Abstract In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Apocynaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX364402). The gene order and structure of the C. macrocarpa plastome are similar to those of a typical angiosperm. The complete plastome is 155,297 bp in length, and consists of a large single-copy region of 85,586 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,131 bp, which are separated by two inverted repeats of 25,792 bp. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes and 4 are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contained one intron and two genes have two introns. The average A–T content of the plastome is 62.0%. A total of 31 simple sequence repeat loci were identified within the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. macrocarpa is a member of the paraphyletic subfamily Rauvolfioideae of Apocynaceae. The sister group relationship of C. macrocarpa to the Apocynoideae–Asclepiadoideae clade is supported by 100% bootstrap values.

The complete plastome sequence of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae)

Abstract The plastome sequences of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae) were completed in this study (NCBI acc. no. KX426216). The gene order and structure of the D. blancoi plastome are collinear with the typical plastome of land plants. The complete plastome size is 157,745 bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 87,246 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,323 bp, which are separated by a pair of 26,088 bp-long inverted repeat regions. The overall A-T content of the plastome sequence is 62.6%. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and 4 are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 45 simple sequence loci were identified from the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that D. blancoi is a sister group of Primulaceae with 100% bootstrap support.

Two-Step Contractions of Inverted Repeat Region and Psai Gene Duplication from the Plastome of Croton Tiglium (Euphorbiaceae)

Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a very specious genus and consists of about 1,250 species, mainly distributed in the New World. The first complete plastome sequence from the genus, Croton tiglium, is reported in this study (NCBI acc. no. MH394334). The plastome is 150,021 bp in length. The lengths of LSC and SSC are 111,654 bp and 18,167 bp, respectively. However, the length of the IR region is only 10,100 bp and includes only four rrn and four trn genes, and a small part of the ycf1 gene. We propose two-step IR contractions to explain this unique IR region of the C. tiglium plastome. First, the IR contracted from rps19-rpl2 to ycf2-trnL-CAA on the LSC/IRb boundary. Second, the IR contracted from ycf2-trnL-CAA to rrn16-trnV-GAC on the LSC/IRa boundary. In addition, duplicated copies of psaI genes were discovered in the C. tiglium plastome. Both copies were located side by side between accD and ycf4 genes, but one copy was pseudogenized because of a five-basepair (TAGCT) insertion in the middle of the gene and following frameshift mutation. The plastome contains 112 genes, of which 78 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. The infA gene is lost. Twelve large repeats were detected in the plastome. All large repeats are located in the LSC region. Also, 272 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The penta-SSRs accounted for 45% of total SSRs, followed by mono(32%), di(12%), tetra (6%) and tri-SSRs (5%). Most of them were distributed in the large single copy (LSC) region (85%). In addition, 76% of the SSRs were located in the intergenic spacer (IGS). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. tiglium is a sister group of Jatropha curcas with 100% bootstrap support. Seven Euphorbiaceae species formed one clade with 100% bootstrap support. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 23 November 2018

The complete plastome of tropical fruit Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae)

Abstract The complete plastome sequence of Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is completed in this study (NCBI acc. no. KX822787). This is a first complete plastome sequence from the Clusiaceae. The complete plastome size is 158,179 bp in length and consists of a large single copy of 86,458 bp and a small single copy of 17,703 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 27,009 bp. The G. mangostana plastome shows four minor structural modifications including infA gene loss, rpl32 gene loss, ycf3 gene intron loss and a 363 bp inversion between trnV-UAC and atpE gene. The plastome contains 111 genes, of which 77 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes and four are rRNA genes. The average A-T content of the plastome is 63.9%. A total of 110 simple sequence loci are identified from the genome. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that G. mangostana is a sister group of Erythroxylum novogranatense (Erythroxylaceae) with 78% bootstrap support.

The complete plastome sequence of Durian, Durio zibethinus L. (Malvaceae)

Abstract The complete plastome sequence of Durio zibethinus L. (Malvaceae) is determined in this study (NCBI acc. no. MG138151). D. zibethinus is an important fruit crop in Southeastern Asia and known as the ‘king of fruit’. Our D. zibethinus plastome is the first reported sequences from the subfamily Helicteroideae of Malvaceae. The plastome sequence of D. zibethinus is 163,974 bp in length and it is composed of a pair of 23,679 bp inverted repeat regions separated by large and small single-copy regions of 95,704 bp and 20,912 bp, respectively. The gene order and structure of the D. zibethinus are similar to those of the typical plastome of land plants. The plastome encodes 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fifteen genes contain single intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 144 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis show that D. zibethinus (Helicteroideae) is sister group of Tilia (Tilioideae) clade with 100% bootstrap support.

The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Kuhlhasseltia nakaiana (Orchidaceae)

Abstract In this study, we report the complete plastome sequence of Kuhlhasseltia nakaiana (F.Maek.) Ormerod (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KY354041), an endangered plant species protected by the national law of Korea. The gene order and number in the K. nakaiana plastome were similar to a typical orchid plastome. The complete plastome was 147,614 bp in length and consisted of a large single copy region of 81,617 bp and a small single copy region of 13,673 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 26,162 bp. The plastome contained 103 genes, of which 69 were protein-coding genes, 30 were tRNA genes, and four were rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contained one intron and two genes (clpP and ycf3) had two introns. The AT content of the plastome was 60.5%. A total of 74 simple sequence repeat regions were identified from the plastome. Phylogenetic analysis determined that K. nakaiana was a member of the tribe Cranichideae and revealed the sister group relationship between K. nakaiana and Ludisia discolor within the tribe Cranichideae.

The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Oberonia japonica (Orchidaceae)

Abstract In this study, we report the complete chloroplast sequence of Oberonia japonica (Maxim.) Makino (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871235), which is an endangered plant species currently protected by the National Law of Korea. The gene order and content of the O. japonica plastome are similar to those of a typical orchid plastome. The 11 ndh genes are pseudogenized or lost completely from the plastome of O. japonica. The plastome contains 102 genes, of which 68 are protein-coding genes, 30 and four are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, respectively. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes (clpP and ycf3) have two introns. The complete plastome is 142,996 bp long and consists of one large and small single copy each of 81,669 and 10,969 bp, respectively, separated by two inverted repeats of 25,179 bp. The AT content of the O. japonica plastome is 62.6%. Sixty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, consisting of 56 mono-SSR, seven di-SSR, and two tri-SSR are scattered along the O. japonica plastome. Some of these plastome SSR loci may be useful for developing genetic markers for the O. japonica populations. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that O. japonica is a member of the Malaxideae. The genus Oberonia forms a monophyletic clade with Dendrobium.

The complete plastome sequences of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)

Abstract In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871231). The complete plastome is 157,780 bp in length, and consists of a large single copy of 86,673 bp and a small single copy of 18,349 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 25,792 bp. The plastome contains 112 genes, of which 78 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. The average A-T content of the plastome is 62.1%. The M. indica plastome has approximately 15 kb inversion between trnT-UGU and trnT-GGU. We identify a palindromic repeat of 18 bp (ATTCTTTTTTTTTTTTTT/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAT) near the inversion breakpoints of M. indica plastome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. indica is a sister group of Rhus chinensis with 100% bootstrap support. Anacardiaceae clade is a sister group of Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae) with 100% bootstrap support.

The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae)

Abstract In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast sequence of Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871237), an endangered plant species protected by the national law of Korea. The gene order and gene content of the H. radiata plastome are similar to those of typical angiosperm plastomes. The 11 ndh genes, which are usually lost in orchid plastomes, are intact in the H. radiata plastome. The complete plastome is 155,353 bp in length and consists of a large single copy of 84,833 bp and a small single copy of 17,718 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 26,401 bp. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes (clpP, ycf3) have two introns. A total of 76 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, which consist of 58 mono-SSR, 17 di-SSR, and 1 tri-SSR, are scattered along the H. radiata plastome. Some of these plastome SSR and high sequence divergent regions may be useful for development of genetic markers for the populations of H. radiata and other congeneric species. Phylogenetic analysis identified the sister relationship between H. radiata and H. pantlingiana within the tribe Orchideae.