Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich

Reclaiming justice : the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and local courts

Ch. 1: Studying the ICTY Chapter 2: The ICTY, Its Constituency, and the Politics: The Battle for Hearts and Minds Chapter 3: Ethnicity and the Legitimacy of the ICTY Ch. 4: Individual and Collective Responsibility: Structural Pre-Conditionality, Smoking Gun Evidence, and Collective Responsibility Ch. 5: Distributive and Procedural Justice Ch. 6: Reclaiming Justice: The Ideal and the Reality

Curtailing the code of silence among the South African police

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the contours of the code of silence, as a critical component of the ability to control misconduct and enhance integrity within any police agency, among officers (both line officers and supervisors) of the South African Police Service (SAPS).Design/methodology/approach – In 2005, the authors surveyed police supervisors from seven South African provinces and autonomous provinces. The questionnaire distributed to police supervisors contains 11 vignettes describing various forms of police corruption and one vignette describing the use of excessive force. The sample consists of 379 police supervisors.Findings – Results of the study indicate the existence of a strong code of silence among the SAPS supervisors. The authors report that the code of silence does not protect all misconduct equally; yet, a substantial minority of SAPS supervisors in the sample would protect many forms of police corruption from exposure. It was found that, with the exception of the thr...

The state of police integrity in Armenia: findings from the police integrity survey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the extent and nature of police integrity in Armenia. It analyses police officer views about misconduct seriousness, appropriate and expected discipline, and willingness to report misconduct.Design/methodology/approach – The respondents surveyed in this study are 468 Armenian police officers assigned to work in two large police departments, Yerevan and Lori. The overall response rate is 84 per cent. The respondents evaluated 11 hypothetical scenarios describing cases of police misconduct.Findings – Although the majority of the respondents recognized and labelled the behaviour described in the scenarios as rule violating, a large proportion, in some cases even above 40 per cent, did not do so. The respondents’ evaluations of misconduct seriousness varied greatly across the scenarios. In only two scenarios, describing the acceptance of a bribe from a speeding motorist and the theft of a watch from a crime scene, the respondents thought that both the appropriat...