Sankalp Verma

Phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement: a dental awakening for patients with epilepsy

Drug-induced gingival enlargement is the term now used to describe medication-related gingival hypertrophy or hyperplasia, a condition commonly induced by three main classes of drugs: anticonvulsants, antihypertensive calcium channel blockers and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine. The pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival enlargement is uncertain and there appears to be no unifying hypothesis that links together the three commonly implicated drugs. Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth is a well known and frequently reported gingival lesion, which was first detected in 1939. This case report consists of phenytoin usage, duration and poor oral hygiene.

Oral manifestations of lipoid proteinosis: A case report and literature review.

Lipoid proteinosis is an uncommon autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that presents in early life with hoarseness and pox-like acneiform scars involving the skin and mucous membranes. Previous studies have attributed the prevalence of lipoid proteinosis to consanguineous parents. This paper reports a classical case of lipoid proteinosis with oral manifestations but without a history of consanguinity.

Non-syndromic non-familial agenesis of major salivary glands: A report of two cases with review of literature

Agenesis of the major salivary glands is a rare and unusual condition, with only a few cases documented in the literature. The anomaly can be total or partial, unilateral or bilateral, and involve the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The resultant xerostomia leads to extensive dental demineralization. The authors report two cases with decreased saliva volume, impaired dental condition with extensive loss of tooth structure, and an astonishing pattern of dental destruction most notable on the facial and lingual surfaces of incisors and canines that can be best described as “chipping.” After detailed review of patient history, clinical examination, ultrasonography, contrast enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging a diagnosis of congenital absence of major salivary glands in both the patients was made. Dentists should be aware that salivary gland aplasia is an uncommon cause of dental deterioration. It may manifest itself not by extensive caries but as dental chipping effect. Early recognition and a therapeutic strategy can prevent further dental damage.

Multiple gingival metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung

Metastasis to the gingival soft tissues is an extremely rare phenomenon, and metastasis of multiple lesions (i.e. more than 2 lesions), is even more hard to find. In this study, we have reported a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma, which metastasized to the maxillary (2 lesions) and mandibular gingivae (1 lesion) in a 57 year old male patient. Metastasis was also seen to the vertebrae. The differential diagnosis consisted of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, haemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, giant cell granuloma, peripheral fibroma, primary gingival carcinoma and secondary metastasis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the lung showed a well-defined mass situated below the right hilum with lower lobe consolidation and pleural effusion on the right side with dorsal spinal metastasis. Excisional biopsy of the lesions was consistent with the diagnosis, and the immunohistochemical analysis was positive for cytokeratin 7, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), thyroid transforming factor 1 (TTF1), and negative for vimentin and cytokeratin 20 (CK20).

Unilateral segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: A rare entity of 3 cases and review

Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia (SOD) is an uncommon, nonhereditary, rare developmental disorder primarily involving the posterior part of the maxilla and related dental components. It is a rare condition of uncertain etiology that results in painless unilateral expansion of the posterior dentoalveolar complex, gingival hyperplasia, lack of one or both premolars in the affected area, delayed eruption of adjacent teeth and malformations of the primary molars. Radiographically, the affected bone is thickened and irregular in outline, with a coarse trabecular pattern that is vertically oriented resulting in a relatively radioopaque granular appearance. The treatment is focused on extraction of the involved teeth, while in some milder cases the teeth may be retained for a long period. The treatment plan should be based on the degree of involvement as well as the functional and esthetic needs in each case. Considering the rarity of the condition, we report three cases of SOD with variable presentations in a 45-year-old, 24-year-old and 23-year-old individual.

Molluscum contagiosum: report of one case with overview

Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin and mucosal disease of viral origin, caused by molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) virus of poxvirus family. With the eradication of smallpox, MCV is now the only member of the poxvirus family that causes substantial disease in humans. Though frequently reported, its unusual clinical presentation makes its diagnosis a challenging task. We discuss a case of molluscum contagiosum in a 30-year-old woman along with a review of aetiology, histopathology and different possible treatment modalities.

Acute primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded virus belonging to human herpes virus family. Although it exists in eight various forms, HSV-1 causes most of the oral infections. Since dentists are more likely to be consulted in the case of oral infections, familiarity with these lesions becomes mandatory. It is more commonly reported in children and rarely in adults. This article presents an acute episode of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in a 32-year-old male patient.

Non-syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterised by severe gingival hyperplasia that can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. In severe cases, the gingival enlargement may cover the crowns of teeth and cause severe aesthetic, emotional and functional impairment. This case report gives an overview of gingival fibromatosis in a 22-year-old male patient who presented with generalised gingival enlargement.

Morphometric evaluation of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis-A digital cephalometric analysis

Aims: The present clinico-radiological study was done to evaluate the morphological variants of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients using digital lateral cephalometry. Different variations in the morphology of soft palate were compared with stages of OSMF. Further, soft palate morphology in OSMF patients was compared radiographically with that of normal population. Materials and Methods: A total number of 100 patients who were a part of this study were divided in two equal Groups. Group 1 comprised of 50 patients clinically diagnosed with OSMF and Group 2 included 50 routine patients. Results: Six different morphological variants of soft palate were found. Among the study Groups, type 1soft palate was most commonly seen (56%) whereas type 5 was the least common variant. Majority of patients belonged to stage II OSMF and type 1soft palate was commonly seen in this stage of disease whereas butt shaped soft palate (type 3) was more common in stage III OSMF. Conclusion: In OSMF, type 1 and 2 are commonly seen but as the diseases advances, these are replaced by type 3 and 6 variants. In OSMF patients, there in reduction in the anterio-posterior dimension of soft palate.

Riga-Fede disease (Cardarelli’s aphthae): A report of nine cases

We report nine cases of traumatic oral mucosal lesions (Riga-Fede disease or Cardarelli’s aphthae) caused by natal teeth, and provide a brief review of the literature. Seven patients were treated with a conservative approach involving grinding of the sharp incisal edges, while