Santiago Ferrándiz

Microstructure, mechanical, and thermogravimetric characterization of cellulosic by-products obtained from biomass seeds.

The microstructural, thermal, and nanomechanical characterization of biomass by-products coming from the food industry were studied. Scanning electron microscopy showed a microstructure formed by polygonal grains. The thermal behavior of seeds, evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, revealed three main components (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin). Walnut shell showed the highest thermal stability and also the highest amount of lignin. The nanomechanical aspects were evaluated by nanoindentation. Samples with higher amount of cellulose presented minor modulus values. In accordance with the thermal stability, the highest modulus and hardness were observed in walnut. These by-products could be useful as reinforcement materials for biodegradable plastic industry.

PIRÓLISIS DE RESIDUOS DE BIOPLÁSTICOS: PRODUCTOS OBTENIDOS DEL ÁCIDO POLILÁCTICO ( PLA)

ABSTRACT Pyrolysis of bioplastics waste may offer an alternative waste treatment option, allowing the recovery of resources. Bioplastics have taken special interest in the industry. They could be an alternative to conventional petroleum based plastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bioplastic that has gained big interest during the last two decades. Pyrolysis of bioplastics waste may be economically and environmentally attractive. In order to obtain optimal energy recovery with an appropriate composition of emitted products, pyrolysis treatment has to ensure the adequate conditions. In this work, the thermal degradation of PLA was studied by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection. The test conditions allowed to identify and quantify the major compounds produced during thermal degradation of PLA.

Validation of the Use of SEBS Blends as a Substitute for Liquid Silicone Rubber in Injection Processes

Liquid silicone rubber is an interesting material at an industrial level, but there are great difficulties in the design and machining of molds, and in addition, it cannot be processed using conventional equipment. Therefore, new lines of research have focused on the search for new materials capable of providing final properties similar to liquid silicone rubber, that can also be engineered using simple, conventional processes and machinery. In this investigation, a range of compatible blends, based on two commercial grades of styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene (SEBS) thermoplastic elastomer, was studied in order to obtain a range of different Shore A hardness blends for industrial applications where liquid silicone rubber (different hardness) is currently used. The two blended elastomers used had widely differing Shore A hardness values (5 and 90). Once the blended materials had been characterized, the Cross and Williams et al. [20] (Cross-WLF) mathematical model was applied in order to obtain theoretical performance curves for the viscosity of each of the blends. After this, a model was developed using the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software package Autodesk Moldflow 2012™. This computer modeling validated the results obtained from the mathematical models, thus making available to process engineers the full range of hardnesses necessary for industrial products (where liquid silicone rubber is used), while still providing the advantages of thermoplastic injection molding.

Reconstrucción Tridimensional de Superficies en el Cuerpo Humano

A study on the alignment process of data of human morphology obtained by laser acquisition devices is presented in this paper. A three-dimensional latest generation digitizer is used and a methodology of alignment for the human morphology data is established. Also, guides on how to solve problems of this alignment are discussed and a comparative study of point clouds processing programs is carried out. RapidFormTM, the standard software used for editing data acquired by the scanner 3D is compared with PolyworksTM, the alternative to RapidFormTM software used due to its good characteristics for the alignment mechanical parts. Results of the comparison of some software applications are showed.Resumen Se presenta un estudio del proceso de alineacion de datos obtenidos de morfologias humanas mediante un dispositivo de adquisicion por laser. Se utiliza un dispositivo digitalizador tridimensional de ultima generacion y se establece una metodologia de trabajo para el proceso de alineacion de los datos obtenidos de morfologias humanas. Ademas, se indican las directrices para resolver los problemas derivados de esta alineacion y se realiza el estudio comparativo de programas de tratamiento de nubes de puntos. RapidForm™, el software estandar utilizado para la edicion de los datos adquiridos por el escaner 3D es comparado con Polyworks™, el software alternativo a RapidForm™, debido a su calidad de alineamiento de piezas mecanicas. Resultados de la comparacion de algunas aplicaciones de los programas son presentados y discutidos. Palabras clave: reconstruccion 3D, morfologias humanas, alineacion de datos, RapidForm, Polyworks Three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces in human body

A review of concurrent engineering

94 Abstract— This paper attempts to explain and disaggregate different focuses of concurrent engineering, analyzing their application to product development and highlighting the improvements involved in their enforcement. Improvements can be observed in projects (quality), in scheduling (reducing the duration) and the cost of implementation (savings), basic achievements of concurrent engineering. Companies that already apply concurrent engineering are often multinationals, being the majority group in use. Its implementation in medium and small businesses is a very useful and achievable goal, in a field that has not developed the methodology. The entire organization (human group) is involved in the implementation of concurrent engineering, with an effort aimed at multifunctional integration and development of both product and process concurrently.

Application of concurrent engineering in product and process design

77 Abstract— Traditional methods applied to the development of new products are becoming obsolete, being necessary advanced methods based on a new approach that allows work cooperatively. This is called Concurrent Engineering and this paper intends to carry out a review of the integration of this discipline in the new ways of working. The main objective of the new forms of work is to systematize the design by interdisciplinary teams simultaneously working the products, the processes, getting the right design, with a corresponding reduction in costs and time. The introduction of CAPP systems (Computer Aided Process Planning) facilitates process design tools. Therefore, some previous work incorporating such systems are included.

Study, mechanical characterization and mathematical modeling of compatible SEBS blends for industrial applications in orthopedics and childcare

In this work, a system of compatible blends based on two commercial grades of a thermoplastic elastomer, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), with extreme Shore A hardness values (5 and 90), was studied in order to obtain a range of different performance blends for orthopedic and childcare applications, where usually liquid silicone rubber is used. Mechanical properties of different blends were obtained, and Equivalent Box Model (EBM) was used for the prediction of the mechanical behavior. The results show good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental data of new blends of SEBS.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces in human body

A study on the alignment process of data of human morphology obtained by laser acquisition devices is presented in this paper. A three-dimensional latest generation digitizer is used and a methodology of alignment for the human morphology data is established. Also, guides on how to solve problems of this alignment are discussed and a comparative study of point clouds processing programs is carried out. RapidFormTM, the standard software used for editing data acquired by the scanner 3D is compared with PolyworksTM, the alternative to RapidFormTM software used due to its good characteristics for the alignment mechanical parts. Results of the comparison of some software applications are showed.Resumen Se presenta un estudio del proceso de alineacion de datos obtenidos de morfologias humanas mediante un dispositivo de adquisicion por laser. Se utiliza un dispositivo digitalizador tridimensional de ultima generacion y se establece una metodologia de trabajo para el proceso de alineacion de los datos obtenidos de morfologias humanas. Ademas, se indican las directrices para resolver los problemas derivados de esta alineacion y se realiza el estudio comparativo de programas de tratamiento de nubes de puntos. RapidForm™, el software estandar utilizado para la edicion de los datos adquiridos por el escaner 3D es comparado con Polyworks™, el software alternativo a RapidForm™, debido a su calidad de alineamiento de piezas mecanicas. Resultados de la comparacion de algunas aplicaciones de los programas son presentados y discutidos. Palabras clave: reconstruccion 3D, morfologias humanas, alineacion de datos, RapidForm, Polyworks Three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces in human body

Cambios en la estructura cuticular Ornithodoros erraticus hembra durante el proceso de alimentación

Los autores desean expresar su agradecimiento a D. Antonio Encinas Grandes por el suministro de Ornithodoros erraticus del area de Salamanca (Espana) y por su gran aportacion a este trabajo mediante la revision y discusion de los resultados obtenidos. Asi mismo, al servicio de microscopia de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. MP Arrieta ha sido becada por la Comunitat Valenciana (Grisolia/2011/007). El presente trabajo ha sido fi nanciado por el Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (MAT2011-28468-C02-02).

Rheological Characterization and Mathematical Modeling of a SEBS Blend for Industrial Applications where Nowadays Liquid Silicone Rubber is Used

SEBS (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) is a hydrogenated SBS used as a compatibilizer of other thermoplastic or as a blend to improve the properties (mainly impact). There is very little information about SEBSs research, independent of other materials. This study focuses on a blend from the providers SEBS extreme hardness (50% Shore-A 5 and 50% Shore-A 90) in order to analyze the miscibility of mixed materials from the storage of 2 references only. It has been used the thermoplastic elastomer Megol TA® SEBS, whose characteristics make it special due to the wide range of hardness and transparency, and can be obtained blend for industrial applications where nowadays liquid silicone rubber is used. Next step is rheological characterization of the blend, analyzing the viscosity for subsequent mathematical modeling. Finally, in order to reproduce the rheological behavior of materials during the injection process, Autodesk Moldflow Inside 2010 CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) tool has been used with Cross-WLF model parameters, and compared with tests injected.