Santosh R Patil

Prevalence of carotid artery calcification in postmenopausal women and its correlation with atherogenic risk factors

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in postmenopausal females on panoramic radiographs and to study the correlation of CAC with possible risk factors such as hypertension, osteoporosis, and hypercholesterolemia, among others. Materials and Methods: Totally, 1214 panoramic radiographs of postmenopausal females attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were examined for the presence of CAC. The subjects were also assessed for the presence of various risk factors and the possible correlation to CAC. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Two hundred and seventy-eight postmenopausal females presented with CAC and a prevalence of 22.9%. These patients presented with a medical history that was laden with risk factors, of which hypertension (71.2%) was the most common risk factor. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, and obesity were significantly (P < 0.05) related to the presence of CAC while age, diabetes, and smoking were not significantly (P > 0.05) related to CAC. Conclusion: The incidental finding of CAC on panoramic radiographs during the routine dental examination can provide life-saving information for the identification of postmenopausal females who are at a higher risk for stroke. Oral clinicians should, therefore, record a proper medical history of such patients to identify the atherogenic risk factors and refer such patients to the physician for careful evaluation and conformation of the disease.

Incidence and pattern of mandible fractures in the Madinah Region: A retrospective study

Objectives: The objective of the study is to study the incidence and pattern of mandible fractures in the holy city of Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a retrospective period of 3 years from 2013 (1434H) to 2016 (1436H) and to compare the results with those from other regions of Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. Materials and Methods: Relevant data of patients admitted to the King Fahad Hospital, Madinah with a fracture of the mandible during the study were collected from their medical records and radiographs. The age, gender, etiology, role of the patient, site, and number of fractures in the patients were evaluated. The data were analyzed by standard statistical methods. Results: A total of 197 patients with fracture of the mandible were admitted in the period of the study by the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah. There were 165 male and 32 female patients. The ages ranged from 3 to 86 years with a mean of 24 years. A total of 260 fractures of Mandible were documented. The largest number (113) of patients was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years. Trauma caused by motor vehicle road traffic accidents (RTAs) was the main etiology of the fractures followed by falls and assault. The majority of the patients were in the role of vehicle drivers. The condylar anatomical site of mandible was most frequently affected and constituted the largest number (103) of fractures followed by the angle (51), parasymphysis (45), and then by the body (23) of the mandible. Dentoalveolar fractures were present in 22 cases. Very less number of coronoid fractures (7), followed by those of the ramus (5), and least number at the symphysis (4) of the mandible were found. Conclusion: RTA was the most common etiology for trauma and fracture of the mandible. The males outnumbered the female patients, the largest number of patients with trauma and mandible fracture was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years and frequency of condylar fractures was higher.

3D CBCT morphometric assessment of mental foramen in Arabic population and global comparison: imperative for invasive and non-invasive procedures in mandible

Abstract Background: Recent advancements in clinical dentistry have increased the possibilities of surgical procedures in the mental region. A detailed knowledge of mental foramen (MF) morphometry is significant to preserve integrity of the mental nerve trunk in surgical interventions such as orthognathic surgery, implant placement and anaesthetic block. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the most accurate position of the mental foramen by using new assessment approach in a sample of dental patients presenting to the specialist dental clinic, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Study design: A retrospective study was performed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 600 patients (40.1 ± 11.78 years old). Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 395 CBCT were finally obtained and analyzed for the most accurate position of the mental foramen (MF) by OnDemand 3D software (Seoul, Korea). Prevalence of shape of MF and accessory MF were also assessed. Pearson chi-square test was employed to test significant differences between genders and races. Results: The most common horizontal and vertical position of the mental foramen was in line with the long axis of 2nd premolar (41.3%) and below the root apex level (93.2%), respectively. The most common shape of MF was round type (72.66%). The prevalence of accessory 2MF and 3MF was 2.28% and 0.25%, respectively. Conclusion: New information about MF presented in this article can help anatomists, prosthodontists, orthodontists, surgeons, forensic odontologists and paleoanthropologists to predict the position of the MF and perform safer surgeries.

Masticatory efficiency and muscular activity in removable partial dental prostheses with different cusp angles

Statement of problem. The loss of posterior teeth has a negative effect on the masticatory efficiency and activity of mastication muscles. How these muscles are affected by partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs) with different cusp angles is unknown. Purpose. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the influence of different cusp angles, with anatomic (33 degrees), semianatomic (20 degrees), and nonanatomic teeth (0 degree), on the masticatory efficiency and muscular activity of participants receiving mandibular bilateral distal PRDPs. Material and methods. Fifteen participants consented to the evaluation of masticatory efficiency and electromyographic (EMG) activity with a PRDP with a unified bilateral design. The cusp angles of the artificial teeth were randomly changed from anatomic (33 degrees), semianatomic (20 degrees), and nonanatomic teeth (0 degree). Masticatory efficiency was evaluated by recording 5 parameters, including number of strokes, and time of mastication while the EMG activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles, measured using surface electromyography. The data were analyzed with 1‐way ANOVA and the Tukey multiple post hoc test with statistical software (&agr;=.05). Results. With regard to masticatory efficiency, PRDPs with anatomic and semianatomic teeth exhibited higher masticatory efficiency than those with nonanatomic teeth, whereas no significant differences were found between PRDPs with anatomic and semianatomic teeth. With respect to EMG activity, the least EMG activity was observed in PRDPs with anatomic teeth, whereas the highest activity was observed with nonanatomic teeth. No significant differences were found between the effect of PRDPs with anatomic and semianatomic teeth on masseter activity. Conclusions. Changing the cusp angle from 33 to 20 degrees in PRDPs did not influence the masticatory efficiency or the EMG activity of the masseters. However, it did lead to increased EMG activities of the temporalis muscle. PRDPs with nonanatomic teeth were associated with a significant decrease in masticatory efficiency accompanied by a significant increase in EMG activity.

Intraoral desmoplastic fibroblastoma: A rare presentation

Desmoplastic fibroblastoma is an uncommon fibrous soft tissue tumor. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature till date. These slow growing, painless mass is most commonly seen in the upper extremities, but rarely in the head and neck region. This article presents a case report of a 45-year-old female who presented with a similar soft tissue mass in the oral cavity. The mass was excised and sent for histopathological evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis as desmoplastic fibroblastoma.

Erupted and nonerupted compound odontoma in prosthodontic patients: Report of two cases

The odontomas constitute most common benign odontogenic tumors of the jaws. Majority of odontomas are nonsymptomatic and are detected on routine radiographic examination. They represent up to 22% of all odontogenic tumors of the jaws. This lesion is composed of more than one type of odontogenic tissues and for this reason, it is also known a composite odontoma. In a 32-year-old male, well-defined small teeth like structure were noticed distal to maxillary second molars bilaterally which were confirmed radiologically and histopathologically as eruption odontome. In the second case, multiple miniature tooth-like structures of varying densities were observed pericoronally to the impacted canine on the X-ray, which was confirmed as compound histologically.

Taurodontism with oligodontia in a young female patient: A case report with a brief literature review

Human dentition is affected by a wide variety of abnormalities, which include variation in the number, morphology and eruption sequence. Absence of tooth development manifests as anodontia, hypodontia, and oligodontia. Taurodontism is a developmental anomaly affecting the teeth leading to minimal or no constriction cement enamel junction level manifesting as long pulp spaces and also the trunk of the roots is displaced toward apex giving a rectangular shape to the involved tooth. Its commonly seen in permanent teeth is common and rarely in the deciduous dentition. Oligodontia is an uncommon genetic condition representing the congenital missing of six teeth or more in primary or permanent dentitions. This case report describes concomitant occurrence of tooth agenesis and taurodontism in a young Saudi girl and a brief review regarding the etiology, clinical features, and therapeutic aspects of have been mentioned.

Generalized hypercementosis with multiple missing teeth in a young female: A rare case report

Hypercementosis is a nonneoplastic thickening of the cementum. It may be restrained to the apex of the root, on one side of it, or involve it entirely. Hypercementosis is coupled with a number of etiological factors, which may be local or systemic in nature. It is decisive that the general dental practitioner is aware of these factors and is able to distinguish presentation due to a local cause from that of a systemic disease process. We report a first case of generalized hypercementosis with multiple missing teeth in a young Saudi female.

MAXIMUM BITE FORCE FOR CHILDREN ON PRIMARY AND PERMANENT TEETH: WITHIN SUBJECT COMPARISON

This research theme is the impact of the proactive transfer of motor learning between handball and basketball; carry out of the first year of secondary school pupils (15-17 years) of high school IdrisSenouci of Mostaganem city (Algeria). This study aimed to show the existence of a reciprocal proactive transfer of motor learning in the subsequent practice between handball and basketball in the direction of basketball to handball. For this, I hypothesized that there is a reciprocal proactive transfer motor learning engine between handball and basketball in favour of the sense of basketball to handball. To realize this study, I selected a systematic sample of 184 pupils’ boys and girls representing 36.44% of the population retort on four groups, two experimental and two controls to compare their results. And in order to measure the impact of reciprocal proactive transfer of motor learning between handball and basketball, I have conceived an experience based on the experimental protocol of Schmidt (1975) which compares between the performances of an experimental group to those of the control group. Thus, and after analyzing the results of the experiment, it is proved that the proactive transfer of motor learning was embodied in the sense of basketball to handball depending on three statistical means that are the T Students, the percentage of development, and the transfer index of Murdock.