Santosh Singh

Evidence-based Critical Evaluation of Glycemic Potential of Cynodon dactylon

The present study is an extension of our previous work carried out on Cynodon dactylon. This study deals with the critical evaluation of glycemic potential of ethanolic extract of defatted C. dactylon. The doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg kg−1 bw of the extract were administered orally to normal as well as Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to study its glycemic potential. The effect of repeated oral administration of the same doses of ethanolic extract was also studied on serum lipid profile of severely diabetic (SD) rats. The dose of 500 mg kg−1 bw was identified as the most effective dose as it lowered the blood glucose levels of normal by 42.12% and of diabetic by 43.42% during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test respectively. The SD rats were also treated daily with this identified dose of 500 mg kg−1 bw for 2 weeks and a significant reduction of 56.34% was observed in FBG level. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were also decreased by 32.94, 64.06 and 48.46% respectively in SD rats whereas, cardioprotective high density lipoprotein increased by 16.45%. The reduced urine sugar level and increased body weight are additional advantages. These evidences clearly indicate that the ethanolic extract of defatted C. dactylon has high antidiabetic potential along with good hypolipidemic profile.

Emerging drug candidates of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor class for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a key regulator of insulin-stimulating hormones, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), thus it is a promising target for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inhibition of plasma DPP IV enzyme leads to enhanced endogenous GLP-1 and GIP activity, which ultimately results in the potentiation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and subsequent lowering of blood glucose levels, HbA[1(c)], glucagon secretion and liver glucose production. Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched. These drugs have been approved as a once-daily oral monotherapy or as a combination therapy with current anti-diabetic agents like pioglitazone, glibenclamide, metformin etc. for the treatment of T2DM. Several other novel DPP IV inhibitors are in pipeline. The present review summarizes the latest preclinical and clinical trial data of different DPP IV inhibitors with a special emphasis on their DPP8/9 fold selectivity and therapeutic advantages over GLP-1 based approach.

Catalyst-free, step and pot economic, efficient mercaptoacetylative cyclisation in H2O: synthesis of 3-mercaptocoumarins

A novel, environmentally friendly, tandem Knoevenagel condensation and mercaptoacetylative cyclisation procedure is reported. The reaction between 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one and a variety of salicylaldehydes was carried out in water to afford 3-mercaptocoumarins in excellent yields (82–97%). In this green synthetic protocol, water itself catalyses the reaction by hydrogen bonding and thus avoids the use of any other catalyst. Acetophenone obtained as a by-product was also recovered and recycled easily for further use.

Assessment of glycemic potential ofMusa paradisiaca stem juice.

The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic effect.

Classification and Comparative Study of IRS LISS-III Satellite Images Using RBFN and Decision Tree

The satellite image classification is categorization of objects available on earth surface using the satellite images. It is one of the very important areas of satellite images processing to understand the changes on the earth surface. So, the main intention behind the following work is to apply the decision trees and radial basis function network-based supervised classification techniques to understand the land cover and land used area in Mumbai. The classifiers are implemented using the MATLAB simulation toolbox. Here the IRS P6 LISS-III satellite image of Mumbai region is used to classify the areas of Mumbai. The different areas of Mumbai region are classified such as the area is covered by water, forest, wetland, and development areas. Decision tree and RBFN classification techniques are trained with the same set of training data and applied on the same set of the testing data set. So, the experimental result of our classifiers shows that the classification accuracy of the RBFN-based satellite image classification is higher than decision tree-based satellite image classification.