Saoussen Ben Jabra

A New Approach of Mesh Watermarking Based on Maximally Stable Meshes Detection

Watermarking 3D meshes is very important in many areas of activity including digital cinematography, virtual reality as well as in CAD design. Due to the complexity of 3D meshes, mesh watermarking schemes are far from the maturity of watermarking algorithms dedicated to audio, image or video watermarking. According to our knowledge, no existing scheme is robust against all attacks. To verify a good trade-off between invisibility and robustness, a new approach of 3D mesh watermarking algorithm based on MSMs detection is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, only invariant regions are marked. These invariant regions are called Maximally Stable Meshes (MSMs) and they present an extension of the well-known Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detected for 2D images. First, an efficient way to detect MSMs in 3D meshes by using curvature measures of vertices is presented. Then, obtained MSMs are marked with a geometric watermarking scheme. The experimentations show that this new watermarking is robust against numerous attacks including rotation, zooming, translation, cropping, simplification, and remeshing. Moreover, it gives a good invisibility and a blind extraction.

A Robust and Blind 3D Mesh Watermarking Driven by Stable Regions

Watermarking 3D meshes is very important in many areas of activity including digital cinematography, virtual reality as well as in CAD design. Due to the complexity of 3D meshes, mesh watermarking schemes are far from the maturity of watermarking algorithms dedicated to audio, image or video watermarking. No existing scheme is robust against all attacks. To verify a good trade-off between invisibility and robustness, we propose in this paper a mesh watermarking technique which combines three different algorithms to profit from their robustness. In plus, we embed three different signatures. This allows to know the type of used attack by detecting which of the signatures resisted. To maximize robustness, we embed these signatures in stable regions detected using an extension of MSER algorithm. Experimental results show that this new approach is robust against numerous attacks including geometric transformations, remeshing, simplification, noise and smoothing. In addition, it presents a blind detection.

Online multi-sprites based video watermarking robust to collusion and transcoding attacks for emerging applications

The rapid growth of network transmission of numeric videos has caused an urgent need for copyright protection against pirating. Different video watermarking techniques have been proposed to resolve this problem of ownership identification. Unfortunately, these techniques have been lacking efficiency to resist collusion attack. This paper proposes a novel dynamic approach for video watermarking using SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature) based multi-sprite to protect the copyright of digital video. The proposed approach maximizes the compromise between invisibility, capacity, robustness against most important attacks and a reduced complexity. First, multi-sprite are generated to provide collusion and compression robustness. Then, the three YUV color space components of each sprite are marked using blind spatial algorithm that improves signature invisibility and enhances robustness. Experimental results illustrate good robustness against video transcoding, collusion and against additional several other attacks such as geometric manipulation (scaling, rotation, translation, cropping) and temporal attacks (frame dropping, frame swapping and frame rate changing). Besides, the suggested technique significantly reduces the processing time thanks to the proposed multi-sprites generation method.

On Line Video Watermarking - A New Robust Approach of Video Watermarking based on Dynamic Multi-sprites Generation

With the development of the emerging applications, watermarking methods require a new type of constraints. In fact, robustness to malicious attacks and processing time reduction have became two important constraints which must verify a watermarking approach. In this paper, a new scheme of digital watermarking for video security is proposed. This scheme is based on dynamic multiple-sprites. These last ones allow obtaining robustness in front of collusion which presents a dangerous attack for marked video. First, original video is divided into groups of images, and then a sprite will be generated from each group. Finally, the signature will be inserted in the low bits of the obtained sprite and marked frames will be generated from the marked sprites. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against several attacks such as collusion, compression, frame suppression and transposition, and geometric attacks. In more, processing time of watermarking is reduced.

A robust video watermarking based on image mosacing and multi-frequential embedding

Video watermarking is very important in many areas of activity and especially in multimedia applications. Therefore, this domain has attracted more and more attention in both the research and industrial domains. Many video watermarking approaches are proposed but, based on our knowledge, there is no method which verified the compromise between invisibility and robustness against all usual attacks. This paper proposes a new video watermarking approach which is robust against many attacks such as collusion, MPEG4 compression and noise. This approach inserts the signature in the mosaic generated from original video and exactly in the region where the objects move. This region is selected after many tests applied on different feature regions. First, the wavelet transform is applied on the selected region. Then, obtained frequencies are marked using two different approaches to verify the best compromise invisibility/robustness. Experimental results showed that this approach allows obtaining a good invisibility and robustness against the maximum of usual attacks. The performance of the proposed approach was proved by a comparative study with others existing approaches.

A robust video watermarking based on feature regions and crowdsourcing

Video watermarking technique aims at resolving insecurity problems. Recently, many approaches have been proposed in order to satisfy the new constraints of video applications such as robustness to collusion attacks, high level of security and signature invisibility. In this paper, a new video watermarking approach based on feature regions is proposed. The originality of this approach is to use crowdsourcing technique in order to detect feature regions. First, video summary is generated. This summary is then used to detect the first type of feature regions based on crowdsourcing technique. On the other hand, mosaic is generated from original video to detect the second type of feature region browsed by the moving objects. Finally, the signature is embedded into the mosaic generated after merging these two types of feature regions using multi-frequential watermarking scheme. Experimental results have shown a high level of invisibility thanks to the efficient choice of the embedded target. Moreover, the proposed approach is robust against several attacks especially to collusion attacks.

A new evaluation protocol for robust 3D mesh watermarking

This paper presents a new evaluation protocol for robust mesh watermarking schemes. This protocol allows comparing different mesh watermarking techniques by measuring their performances score. This last one is based on numerous criteria which are: robustness in front attacks, invisibility, detection type, detected information nature, capacity and complexity. For every criterion, the proposed protocol defines the best and the lowest values and calculates its evaluation score. Finally, a performances score of the given scheme is defined based on these evaluation scores. To evaluate the proposed protocol, we use it to calculate the performances scores for five existing schemes to compare them. Experimental results show that the proposed protocol is simple to use and allows obtaining an efficient comparison of existing mesh watermarking schemes.

A Robust 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Stable Meshes Detection and Multi-signatures Embedding

This paper proposes 3D mesh watermarking using Maximally Stable Meshes detection and multi-signatures embedding that is robust against numerous attacks, blind, invisible and permits to detect attack type applied on marked mesh. In the proposed algorithm, The Maximally Stable meshes (MSMs) are detected using an extension of Maximally Stable Efficient Regions detection (MSER). After, these MSMs are sorted by their vertices number and three MSMs are selected to be marked. Finally, three different signatures are embedded using three different watermarking schemes. This allows to know the type of the used attack by detecting which of the signatures resisted and to maximize robustness by profiting from advantages of every scheme. Experimental results verified the robustness of the proposed algorithm based on watermark extraction after various types of attack including Rotation, Translation, Zooming, remeshing, simplification, noise and smoothing. In plus, given an attacked mesh, the proposed algorithm can detect the applied attack type by knowing the resistant signature.

A Video Dataset for an Efficient Camcording Attack Evaluation.

Any video watermarking scheme dedicated to copyright protection should be robust against several attacks and especially against malicious and dangerous attacks such as camcording. Indeed, this attack has become a real problem for cinematographic production companies. However, until now the researchers don’t evaluate the robustness of their video watermarking approaches against this attack or they consider it as a combination of some usual attacks. To resolve this problem, several studies proposed camcording simulators which encourage and help researchers in video watermarking domain to include the camcording in the robustness evaluation. In this paper, a dataset of camcorder videos dedicated to an efficient robustness evaluation of watermarking schemes is proposed which can help researches on camcording simulators’ creation. In this dataset, videos are captured in realistic scenarios in the cinema and are recorded using five capture devices and from four positions. In more, the proposed dataset contains marked versions of the proposed videos using three different video watermarking techniques. This allows researchers comparing their approaches with these techniques. Experimental results show that the robustness evaluation based on the proposed dataset is more efficient than simulators based evaluation thanks to the diversity of the used capturing devices and the real conditions of

A Robust Video Watermarking for Real-Time Application

Video watermarking has been proposed to provide content protection, authentication, and indexing. The primordial compromise of watermarking was between robustness, invisibility and capacity. Unless, digital progression imposes new criteria as the processing time which became an important criterion for assessing and selecting the optimal technique. To satisfy these requirements a new approach based on Krawtchouk moments and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) is proposed. In fact, a defined part is firstly selected from the original frame in order to guarantee a real time treatment even with high definition video (HD). Secondly, Krawtchouk moment’s matrix is extracted from the luminance component and then transformed using the 2-D DCT and a set of coefficients is selected to be marked. Finally, the marked frames are generated based on marked moments. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is robust against several attacks besides providing a high level of invisibility and a real time processing.