Sara B. Moeller

Globalization, Governance, and the Returns to Cross-Border Acquisitions

Using a sample of control cross-border acquisitions from 61 countries from 1990 to 2007, we find that acquirers from countries with better governance gain more from such acquisitions and their gains are higher when targets are from countries with worse governance. Other acquirer country characteristics are not consistently related to acquisition gains. For instance, the anti-self-dealing index of the acquirer has opposite associations with acquirer returns depending on whether the acquisition of a public firm is paid for with cash or equity. Strikingly, global effects in acquisition returns are at least as important as acquirer country effects. First, the acquirers industry and the year of the acquisition explain more of the stock-price reaction than the country of the acquirer. Second, for acquisitions of private firms or subsidiaries, acquirers gain more when acquisition returns are high for acquirers from other countries. We find strong evidence that better alignment of interests between insiders and minority shareholders is associated with greater acquirer returns and weaker evidence that this effect mitigates the adverse impact of poor country governance.

Disagreement and the Informativeness of Stock Returns: The Case of Acquisition Announcements

We examine whether disagreement between managers and investors relates to the informativeness of bidder returns around acquisition announcements. We predict that greater disagreement about the merits of an acquisition creates uncertainty about investors’ revaluation of acquiring firms, making returns less informative. We document an inverse relation between bidder returns and the change in bidders’ implied volatility. This relation is only significant when there is more disagreement. Also, the relation between bidder returns and the likelihood of deal completion is stronger when announcement returns are more informative, suggesting managers “listen to the market�? more when the market response is more informative.