Sara Kvartsberg

A Swedish Grouting Design Concept: Decision Method for Hard Rock Tunneling

Efficient grouting of hard rock requires adequate knowledge of the water-bearing fracture system in the rock mass. The observational method approach involves identifying different possible scenarios and relating them to predefined strategies for grouting design. Parameters useful in preparing a relevant description of the rock mass are presented, as well as a method for choosing a conceptual model. The implications of different fracture systems for the grouting design are discussed. A method is presented for deciding whether grouting is needed in order to ensure a high degree of probability that tunnel leakage will remain below the inflow requirements. The methods presented are applied to data from a real tunnel to illustrate the procedures.

Statistical Evaluation of Groutability Using Data from Hydraulic Tests and Fracture Mapping Case Studies from Sweden

Sweden has a long history of research within the field of rock fissure grouting in hard crystalline rock mass due to strict environmental requirements regarding allowable ground water draw down. These requirements normally implies that fractures down to aperture size between 50 to 100 μm needs to be sealed and within these ranges the size of the particles for cementitious grouting agents becomes a limiting factor. For a grouting design it is therefore of importance to consider the aperture size distribution of the rock mass in order to predict the groutability for both cementitious and non-cementitious grouting agents. Transmissivity data from hydraulic tests (water pressure tests) and number of fractures along a borehole can be assessed from core logging for further use as input for a statistical interpretation of fracture data to simulate an aperture size distribution. A methodology developed at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, is proposed. The method is a statistical evaluation of groutability (SEG) and is based on the Pareto distribution. A computational design tool has been developed to simplify the use of the statistical evaluation and to make the research more accessible to end users, designers, in the grouting industry. The aim of this article is to present two case studies where the statistical interpretation of fracture data is performed by using the computational design tool and how the outcome can be of great use in finding a more accurate grouting design. The case studies include fracture data sets from two large infrastructure rock tunnel projects in Sweden; a road tunnel in Stockholm and a railroad tunnel in Gothenburg.