Sarah B. Knowles

Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Abnormalities in Hip and Ankle Kinematics

Background Most anterior cruciate ligament research is limited to variables at the knee joint and is performed in the laboratory setting, often with subjects postinjury. There is a paucity of information on the position of the hip and ankle during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hypothesis When landing after maneuvers, athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury (subjects) show a more flatfooted profile and more hip flexion than uninjured athletes (controls). Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data from 29 videos of subjects were compared with data from 27 videos of controls performing similar maneuvers. Joint angles were analyzed in 5 sequential frames in sagittal or coronal planes, starting with initial ground-foot contact. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were measured in each sequence in the sagittal plane and hip and knee angles in the coronal plane with computer software. The portion of the foot first touching the ground and the number of sequences required for complete foot-ground contact were assessed. Significance was set at P <. 05. Results In sagittal views, controls first contacted the ground with the forefoot; subjects had first ground contact with the hindfoot or entirely flatfooted, attained the flatfoot position significantly sooner, had significantly less plantar-flexed ankle angles at initial contact, and had a significantly larger mean hip flexion angle at the first 3 frames. In coronal views, no significant differences in knee abduction (initial contact) or hip abduction angle were found between groups; knee abduction was relatively unchanged in controls but progressed in subjects. Conclusion Initial ground contact flatfooted or with the hindfoot, knee abduction and increased hip flexion may be risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes

Objective: To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes. Design and Setting: The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury. Participants: Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading. Main outcome measures: Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life). Results: The annual statewide estimates were

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke in Children With Asthma: Sources of and Parental Perceptions About Exposure in Children and Parental Readiness To Change

9.9 million in medical costs,

Risk factors for injury among high school football players.

44.7 million in human capital costs, and

Risk Factors for Perioperative Femoral Fractures: Cementless Femoral Implants and the Direct Anterior Approach Using a Fracture Table.

144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was

Commentary: the injury proportion ratio: what's it all about?

709 per injury (95% CI

The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in United States High School Football (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Football (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

542 to

Health Disparities as They Relate to Medication Adherence

927),

Shared Treatment Decision Making Improves Adherence and Outcomes in Poorly Controlled Asthma

2223 per injury (95% CI

A Randomized Trial of Parental Behavioral Counseling and Cotinine Feedback for Lowering Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children With Asthma: Results of the LET’S Manage Asthma Trial

1709 to