Sarjinder Singh

Frontier energy use for the cultivation of wheat crop in Punjab

Two frontier production functions were applied to different categories of wheat growing farmers in Punjab. The technical efficiency for each category of farmer was determined. Actual use of various forms of energies in wheat production were compared with the frontier energy used on different categories of farms. From the study, it was concluded that large farmers used energy in the best possible way to achieve maximum yield. Therefore, steps should be initiated to rationalize the use of various forms of energies in wheat production so as to improve the efficiency of marginal, small and medium size farmers. Extension efforts should address the problem of energy conservation explicitly.

Violation of respondent's privacy in moors* model- its rectification through a random group strategy

The primary objective of the randomized response techniques introduced by Warner (1965) and Greenberg et al. (1969) was to protect the privacy of the respondents while eliciting information on sensitive issues. However, Moors (1971) model, which is considered to be the best in the sense of optimality and convenience to use, fails to protect the privacy of respondents in certain cases. The present paper aims at pointing out this serious draw back. An alternative model termed as random group method is proposed. The proposed model is free from the above mentioned drawback and provides more efficient estimator as compared to the usual Greenberg at al. s (1969) model.

Energy inputs and crop yield relationships for rice in Punjab

Energy inputs and crop yields of rice by 209 farmers from three villages were collected over 2 years and analysed. Relations were found between crop yield and tillage, irrigation, fertilizers, and pre-harvest or total energy inputs. The 209 farmers were divided into 25 homogeneous groups by using a cumulative cube method for the input-energy level. There are quadratic relations between rice yield and pre-harvest energy input. The yield shows Robbs parabolic relation with irrigation, fertilizer and total energy input.

An improved two stage randomized response strategy

Mangat and Singh (1990) have suggested a two stage randomized response technique to estimate the proportion of population possessing a sensitive attribute. The procedure was shown to be more efficient than the procedure due to Warner (1965). Recently, Tracy and Osahan (1993) have suggested a modification to the Mangat and Singh (1990) procedure which results in a more efficient strategy in practice. In this paper we propose a modification to the Tracy and Osahan (1993) procedure. The modified procedure is a generalization of Tracy and Osahan (1993) and is always more efficient than their strategy. An empirical study has also been undertaken to find the extent of relative efficiency.

Generalized franklin's model for randomized response sampling

In this paper we introduce two estimators of a population proportion when randomized response sampling with a normal randomizing distribution is used* The estimators have been obtained by using the method of moments. Both of the proposed estimators are shown to be more efficient than the corresponding estimators of Eranklin (1989 b).

Energy planning of a Punjab village using multiple objectives compromise programming

A multiple objective programming (MOP) problem was considered to select the best plan for small, medium and large farms in Punjab. Different farm plans were proposed by giving different weights to five objectives, viz. minimization of energy input, maximization of gross returns, minimization of capital borrowing, minimization of labour hiring and minimization of risk for availability of energy inputs. Out of 10 farm plans, the farm plan with weights δ2 = 20 and δj = 0.001 for j = 1,3,4,5 in terms of the maximum amount of gross returns was found to be the best for small, medium and large farms.

Energy use pattern for a selected village in the cotton-belt of Punjab

A village was selected from agro-climatic zone-5 in Punjab (India) to assess energy-resource availability, expenditure and shortcomings of the village ecosystem. Data on energy inputs and outputs were collected over a period of two years. The village had a gross power of 3.9 kW/ha and the over-all output-input energy ratio was 2.5; this ratio was 7.1 for crop-production with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.0. Irrigation consumed 29.4% of the total energy required for crop production. Household activities consumed 67.1% of total energy with cooking accounting for 91.8% of this amount. The village was self-sufficient for cereals and milk products. Energy was imported as diesel, electricity, etc.

Fertilizer energy use and crop yield relationships for wheat in the Punjab ecosystems

For maintaining a balance in a village ecosystem, a compromise has to be made in the crop yield and the agro-inputs to be used. Data regarding fertilizer energy use and crop yield of 855 farmers of six villages from five different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state, collected for 2 yr, were analyzed statistically. Different mathematical relationships were established between the yield of wheat crop and fertilizer energy use for different categories of farmers. It was observed that Gupta and Nigams relationship was the best fit on marginal farms. Robbs parabolic relationship was the best fit on the remaining three categories of farms, viz. small, medium and large. It was also observed that fertilizer energy input beyond 8500 MJ/ha reduced the yield.

Energy inputs and crop yield relationships for wheat in Punjab

Abstract Data regarding energy inputs and crop yields of 855 farmers of six villages from five different agro-climatic zones of the Punjab state, collected during the period of two 2-yr surveys were analyzed statistically to establish the mathematical relationship between them for wheat. Different mathematical relationships were fitted between the yield of the wheat crop and tillage, irrigation, fertilizers, pre-harvest and total energy input separately. The 855 farmers were divided into 57 homogeneous groups by using the cummulative cube method on the basis of input energy level. It was observed that the pre-harvest energy and total energy input have a quadratic relationship with the yield of wheat crop, whereas fertilizer used energy shows Robbs parabolic relationship. However, irrigation has no specific relationship with the yield, but it was observed that the yield increased with the increase in irrigation energy and beyond a certain limit declined drastically. Tillage energy has no statistical relationship with yield of wheat crop.

Pre-harvest energy use and crop yield relationships for growing wheat in Punjab

Abstract Data regarding pre-harvest energy use and crop yield of 855 farmers of six villages from five different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state, collected for two years, were analyzed statistically. Different mathematical relationships were fitted between the yield of wheat crop and pre-harvest energy use for different categories of farmers. It was observed that Neldor’s relationship was the best fit on marginal and small farms. Robb’s parabolic relationship was the best fit on the medium and large categories of farms.