Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

The principal Upanisads

The Upanishads are the earliest documents which speak of the splendours of the world of the spirit. They illustrate the maxim that truth is one, though it shines in many forms. Eighteen of the principal Upanishads are given here, introduced and translated by a great Indian scholar and philosopher.

The Vedanta Philosophy and the Doctrine of Maya

THE doctrine of Maya is considered by many thinkers, both in the East and the West, to be an integral part of the Vedanta philosophy. The Vedanta system is supposed to be an acosmic pantheism, holding that the Absolute called Brahman alone is real and the finite manifestations are illusory. There is one absolute undifferentiated reality, the nature of which is constituted by knowledge. The entire empirical world, with its distinct tion of finite minds and the objects of their thought, is an illusion. Subjects and objects are like the fleeting images which encompass the dreaming soul and melt away into nothingness at the moment of waking. The term Maya signifies the illusory character of the finite world. Sankara explains the Maya conception by the analogies of the rope and the snake, the juggler and jugglery, the desert and the mirage, and the dreamer and the dream. The central features of the Vedanta philosophy, as it is conceived at the present day, are briefly explained in the lines: