Sasidharan Sreedharan

PSO based controller algorithm for optimal allocation & setting of fuel cell in a wind — PV integrated power system for maximizing loadability

Distributed Generators are gaining widespread applications around the world to facilitate the need for expanding generation capacity to meet the increasing load demand. However the integration and high penetration of distributed generations into the power system poses many issues that need to be addressed carefully. The main limiting factors for synchronous operation of distributed generators are voltage and angle instability and grid control authorities are limiting the distributed generator penetration level for maintaining grid stability. This paper attempts to identify the maximum safe system loading, with the integration of distributed generators, by the optimization of grid parameters. In this paper, optimal placement & setting of distributed energy resources (DER) is formulated so as to maximize the system loadability using PSO. The impact of optimal integration using PSO algorithm has been analyzed by studying different system parameters like voltage profile, line flows and real power generation. The application of the scheme is illustrated on a standard IEEE 14-bus system and 220 kV Kerala Grid Practical test system using Newton Raphson power flow method and modal analysis. Results presents the maximum system loadability in percentage, optimal location and setting of distributed energy resources, maximum safe bus loading beyond which system becomes unstable.

A strategy for optimal loading pattern of a typical power system — A case study

This paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithm to find the optimal location and setting of FACTS devices in order to improve the loading margin as well as voltage stability and small signal stability. Recently, the electric load demand has been continuously growing all over the world. The rapid increase in load demand enforces power systems to operate closer to the limits of instability. But, owing to economical and environmental restraints, the expansion of existing power system is limited. Existing power system loading margin can be enhanced by optimal placement and setting of FACTS devices to accomplish more power transfers with less network expansion cost. The objective function is formulated as maximizing the loadability of the power system with load generation balance as equality constraint as well as voltage stability, generation limit and line limit constraints as inequality constraint. A Central Travancore -15 bus practical system is taken into consideration to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach using MATLAB/PSAT environment.

Placement of STATCOM in a wind integrated power system with storage for improving the loadability of the system

Voltage instability is a major issue that attracts worldwide interest because of its consequence of voltage collapses. These days power systems operate closer to their stability limits, transferring large amounts of powers from long distance and an inadequate supply of reactive power contribute to system voltage instability and eventually lead to voltage collapse. So estimating the margin in the loadability of the power system is essential in the real time system for voltage stability assessment. This paper investigates the enhancement of voltage stability using Static Compensator (STATCOM) in a wind integrated power system with storage. Wind energy is gaining the most interest among a variety of renewable energy resources and this requires energy storage because it is necessary to get a smooth output from a wind turbine. A battery energy storage system is connected to the system which enhances the voltage levels in weak buses. The combined action of battery storage and STATCOM enhances the voltage stability of the entire system. The analysis is done with power system analysis toolbox (PSAT), a powerful toolbox in MATLAB for power system analysis.

PSO based optimal control for maximizing PV penetration

Recent studies suggest that in medium and long terms, distributed solar photo-voltaic generator (SPVG) will become commercially so attractive that large-scale implementation of this type can be seen in many parts of the world. The increase in the amount of renewable energy will cause stability and security issues in power system. An effective method is used to find out the maximum allowable penetration of renewable energy, in this case Solar PV energy. IEEE 14 bus dynamic model is considered for conducting penetration analysis. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm to find the optimal location and maximum penetration at the optimal location is proposed in this paper. Results present the maximum system penetration, optimal location and setting of SPVG, maximum safe bus loading beyond which system becomes unstable.

Optimal power flow analysis of Kerala grid system with distributed resources

The efficient and optimum economic operation and planning of electric power generation systems have always occupied an important position in the electric power industry. Main aim of electric power utilities is to provide high quality, reliable power supply to the consumers at the lowest possible cost while operating to meet the limits and constraints imposed on the generating units. This formulates the optimal power flow problem for finding the optimal combination of the output power of all the online generating units that minimizes the total production cost, while satisfying all the constraint. In this paper we use the Power System Analysis tool box in MATLAB to minimize the cost of electricity with optimal power flow for the southern grid of Kerala State Electricity Board. The paper concentrates on the savings with the incorporation of a wind farm in the system. The losses are also reduced with the application.