Satheesha Nayak B

A Study on the Variations in the Formation of the Trunks of Brachial Plexus

EL plexo braquial muestra algunas variaciones en su formacion y patron de ramificacion. Las variaciones en la formacion de los troncos son muy raras. Se disecaron 44 especimenes para observar las eventuales variaciones en la formacion de los troncos del plexo braquial. Cinco cadaveres (11,3%) mostraron variaciones en la formacion de los troncos. Todas las variaciones fueron unilaterales. En un cadaver (2,27%), el tronco medio se formo por la union de las raices C7 y C8 y, parte inferior del tronco, estaba formado por la raiz de T1. En un caso (2,27%) los troncos superior y medio se fusionaron entre si. En 3 muestras (6,81%), la raiz de C5 cruzo el musculo escaleno anterior antes de unirse a C6 para formar la parte superior del tronco. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es importante para los cirujanos ortopedicos, los neurologos y anestesiologos.

Abnormal Branch of External Iliac Artery in the Iliac Fossa

Una variacion arterial proveniente de la arteria iliaca externa fue encontrada durante una diseccion de rutina en Medicina de pregrado. La arteria se originaba de la arteria iliaca externa a mitad de camino entre su origen desde la arteria iliaca comun y su terminacion, la arteria femoral. La arteria se dividia en dos ramas: ascendente y descendente. La rama ascendente suministraba la irrigacion al musculo iliaco y a la cresta iliaca. La rama descendente entraba en el trigono femoral pasando por detras de la vaina femoral y daba la irrigacion a los musculos del trigono femoral, anastomosandose con la arteria circunfleja femoral medial. El conocimiento de esta variacion puede ser de utilidad para los cirujanos que realizan cirugia de hernia femoral

A Study on the Anomalies of Liver in the South Indian Cadavers

El higado es la glandula mas grande del cuerpo y rara vez muestra variaciones en sus lobulos y fisuras. Se estudiaron 55 higados fijados en formalina para observar variaciones de su forma, lobulos, fisuras y posicion de la vesicula biliar. En el 60% de los casos, el higado tuvo una forma normal. El 40% restante mostro alguna variante. Se encontraron lobulos adicionales en el 9,09% de los casos. Una fisura adicional se encontro en 1,81% de los casos. La presencia de un lobulo caudado en forma de mancuerna o reloj de arena, y la presencia de un gran proceso papilar se observo en el 1,81% de los casos, respectivamente. En 1,81% de los casos la fisura de ligamento redondo estaba ausente o situada en la superficie anterior del higado. En 1,81% de los casos el higado era muy largo o plana, respectivamente. En el 18,18% de los casos, la vesicula biliar fue corta y su fondo no se proyecto mas alla del margen inferior del higado. Estos resultados pueden ser utiles para cirujanos y radiologos.

A Classic Case of Annular Pancreas and its Clinical Implications

El pancreas anular es una rara anomalia del desarrollo, donde la cabeza de este organo rodea, como un anillo, la segunda parte del duodeno. Esto puede causar constriccion y obstruccion duodenal, ulceras pepticas y otras complicaciones. Reportamos un caso clasico de pancreas anular. La cabeza del pancreas rodeo la segunda parte del duodeno por completo. Sin embargo, no hubo una estenosis duodenal. Este caso puede ser de importancia para los gastroenterologos, cirujanos y radiologos.

A Study on the Number and Arrangement of the Structures Passing Through the Porta Hepatis in South Indian Population

The porta hepatis of the liver is a very important area surgically. The knowledge of the variations in the structures passing through the porta hepatis might be of great help in reducing the risks of surgery in this area. In the current study 59 livers from South Indian cadavers were observed for the number and arrangement of the structures passing through the porta hepatis. In all the livers the portal vein was posteriormost and the hepatic duct was the anteriormost structure. The hepatic artery and its branches were in between the duct and the vein. The mean weight of the liver was 1.025 kg. The mean length of porta hepatis was 4.825 cm and the mean breadth was 2.433 cm. The number varied from one to three for the duct and vein but for the artery it was between one and four. In 51% of livers, only one vein and in 80% of cases only one duct passed through the porta hepatis. In 56% of cases two arteries passed through the porta hepatis.

Unusual Branches of Femoral Artery in the Femoral Triangle –A Case Report

La arteria femoral es la principal arteria del miembro inferior. Se observan algunas variaciones en su patron de ramificacion. Una variante rara, pero clinicamente importante es el origen comun de las arterias circunfleja iliaca profunda y epigastrica inferior no desde la arteria iliaca externa. Presentamos el origen bilateral de las arterias epigastricas inferiores y circunfleja iliaca profunda desde la arteria femoral. Ambas arterias pasaron profundas al ligamento inguinal y tuvieron un curso y distribucion normal despues de cruzar el ligamento inguinal. El conocimiento de estas variaciones son de importancia en la cirugia plastica, en el acceso anterior a la articulacion de la cadera, el drenaje absceso del musculo psoas mayor o para reducir una hernia femoral.

Popliteal Vessels Entrapment by a Variant Accessory Belly of Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

The present case report regards the incidental finding of right popliteal vessels entrapment by a variant accessory belly of the medial head of gastrocnemius. The accessory head of gastrocnemius took origin from the popliteal surface of the femur and joined the medial head. The popliteal vessels passed between the medial and the accessory head of the gastrocnemius. The accessory head was quite large and was supplied by a branch of tibial nerve. Popliteal vessels compression usually leads to a condition called popliteal vascular entrapment syndrome which is a rare clinical entity, predominantly in young adults. This anomaly might cause intermittent claudication, aneurysmal dilatation, thromboembolism and eventually limb-threatening ischemia. Early recognition and diagnosis is important to minimize surgical treatment and avoid vascular reconstruction. Knowledge about the rare anatomical variants of popliteal vessels is helpful for correct diagnosis and planning of treatment.

Looped External Iliac Artery: a Case Report

Variations of the external iliac artery are very rare. We found a rare variation in the left external iliac artery. The artery was long and formed a characteristic loop. The loop was found in the lesser pelvis in close relation to the obturator nerve. This loop may compress obturator nerve and vessels. The knowledge of this loop might be important for gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and urologists since it may be involved in surgeries of hip, ovary and prostate.

Presence of a Splenicocolic Ligament and an Unusual Vascular Peritoneal Fold Close To Spleen and Splenic Flexure of Colon- A Case Report

Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ and variation in its shape, location, number, and size are frequently seen in humans. However, peritoneal anomalies of spleen are very rare. We report a splenicocolic ligament which extended from the visceral surface of the spleen to the left colic flexure and the proximal part of the descending colon. Another unusual fold extended from the right end of the transverse mesocolon to the proximal part of the descending colon. The fold was vascular and was raised by a branch of the left colic artery. The vascular fold was in continuity with the splenicocolic ligament. Knowledge of these peritoneal anomalies is important for gastroenterologists, surgeons and radiologists.

A Typical Branching Pattern of Axillary Artery in a South Indian Cadaver? A Case Report

Knowledge of vascular variations, especially arterial variations, is very important for surgeons, radiologists and to certain extent to the other clinicians. Awareness of the possible variations will reduce the risk of complications like bleeding during surgical procedures. Occasionally these anatomical variations of arteries may result in erroneous interpretation of angiograms by radiologists. Sometimes these variations may become advantageous for the plastic surgeons in preparation of pedicle grafts. Hence we report a rare variation of high origin of superficial brachial artery from the second part of axillary artery. Superficial brachial artery continued as the main brachial artery in the arm, and terminated as radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. However the radial artery was much narrower in diameter.