Satoru Azukizawa

Novel (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ selective agonists with protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition

A novel series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and (S)-2-[(2E,4E)-hexadienoyl]-7-(2-{5-methyl-2-[(1E)-5-methylhexen-1-yl]oxazol-4-yl}ethoxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (14i) was identified as a potent human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) selective agonist (EC(50)=0.03 μM) and human protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) inhibitor (IC(50)=1.18 μM). C(max) after oral administration of 14i at 10mg/kg was 2.2 μg/ml (4.5 μM) in male SD rats. Repeated administration of 14i and rosiglitazone for 14 days dose-dependently decreased plasma glucose levels, ED(50)=4.3 and 23 mg/kg/day, respectively, in male KK-A(y) mice. In female SD rats, repeated administration of 14i at 12.5-100mg/kg/day for 28 days had no effect on the hematocrit value (Ht) and red blood cell count (RBC), while rosiglitazone significantly decreased them from 25mg/kg/day. In conclusion, 14i showed about a fivefold stronger hypoglycemic effect and fourfold or more weaker hemodilution effect than rosiglitazone, indicating that 14i is 20-fold or more safer than rosiglitazone. Compound 14i is a promising candidate for an efficacious and safe anti-diabetic drug targeting PPARγ and PTP-1B.

Novel 2,7-Substituted (S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acids: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Partial Agonists with Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibition.

A novel series of 2,7-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated. (S)-2-(2-Furylacryloyl)-7-[2-(2-methylindane-2-yl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl]methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid tert-butylamine salt (13jE) was identified as a potent human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-selective agonist (EC50=85 nM) and human protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) inhibitor (IC50=1.0 µM). Compound 13jE partially activated PPARγ, but not PPARα or PPARδ, and antagonized farglitazar, a full PPARγ agonist. Cmax after the oral administration of 13jE at 10 mg/kg was 28.6 µg/mL (53 µM) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Repeated administration of 13jE and rosiglitazone for 14 d at 10 mg/kg/d decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride levels significantly in male KK-A(y) mice. Rosiglitazone, but not 13jE, significantly increased the plasma volume and liver weight. In conclusion, 13jE showed stronger hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and weaker hemodilution and hepatotoxic effects than rosiglitazone, suggesting that its safer efficacy may be due to its partial PPARγ agonism and PTP-1B inhibition.