Sayan Kumar Ray

Secure routing for internet of things

The Internet of Things (IoT) could be described as the pervasive and global network which aids and provides a system for the monitoring and control of the physical world through the collection, processing and analysis of generated data by IoT sensor devices. It is projected that by 2020 the number of connected devices is estimated to grow exponentially to 50 billion. The main drivers for this growth are our everyday devices such as cars, refrigerators, fans, lights, mobile phones and other operational technologies including the manufacturing infrastructures which are now becoming connected systems across the world. It is apparent that security will pose a fundamental enabling factor for the successful deployment and use of most IoT applications and in particular secure routing among IoT sensor nodes thus, mechanisms need to be designed to provide secure routing communications for devices enabled by the IoT technology. This survey analyzes existing routing protocols and mechanisms to secure routing communications in IoT, as well as the open research issues. We further analyze how existing approaches ensure secure routing in IoT, their weaknesses, threats to secure routing in IoT and the open challenges and strategies for future research work for a better secure IoT routing.

Self-Tracking Mobile Station Controls Its Fast Handover in Mobile WiMAX

This paper proposes a mobile station (MS)-controlled fast MAC-layer handover (HO) scheme to reduce the HO latency in Mobile WiMAX. Based on the received signal strength (RSS) from any Base Station (BS), the MS can estimate its present distance from that BS. This capability allows the MS, through utilization of the broadcast messages by its Serving BS (SBS) and through few scannings of the Neighbouring BSs (NBS), to self-track its own direction of motion relative to the SBS and the NBSs and thus look ahead to perform an intelligent choice of the Target BS (TBS) for the impending HO. Simulation studies have shown a considerable reduction in the HO latency in the proposed method.

Hybrid predictive base station (HPBS) selection procedure in IEEE 802.16e-based WMAN

According to the mobility framework of IEEE 802.16e, a mobile station (MS) should scan the neighbouring base stations (BSs), for selecting the best BS for a potential handover activity. However, the standard does not specify the number of BSs to be scanned leaving room for unnecessary scanning. Moreover, prolonged scanning also interrupts data transmissions thus degrading the QoS of an ongoing connection. Reducing unnecessary scanning is an important issue. This paper proposes a scheme to reduce the number of BSs to scan (thus improving the overall handover performance). Simulation results have shown that this hybrid predictive BS selection scheme for potential scanning activities is more effective than the conventional IEEE 802.16e handover scheme in terms of handover delay and resource wastages.

Understanding the Current Operation and Future Roles of Wireless Networks: Co-Existence, Competition and Co-Operation in the Unlicensed Spectrum Bands

Technology and policy are coming together to enable a paradigmatic change to the most widely used mechanism, exclusive rights, which allows mobile telecommunications operators to use the radio spectrum. Although spectrum sharing is not a new idea, the limited supply of spectrum and the enormous demand for mobile broadband services are forcing spectrum authorities to look more closely into a range of tools that might accelerate its adoption. This paper seeks to understand how co-existence and co-operation of Wi-Fi and cellular networks in the unlicensed spectrum can increase the overall capacity of heterogeneous wireless networks. It also reveals the challenges posed by new uses, such as machine-to-machine communications and the Internet of Things. It also brings together two major proposed regulatory approaches, such as those by the U.K.s Ofcom and the European Commission, which currently represent leading efforts to provide spectrum authorities with robust spectrum sharing frameworks, to discuss policy tools likely to be implemented.

Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication over multi-tier heterogeneous networks

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is vital in the successful deployment and operation of intelligent transport systems (ITS). One can observe a growing research interest on the effectiveness of V2I communication in the Fifth Generation (5G) networks supporting a co-existence of multi-tier heterogeneous wireless networks with diverse radio access technologies (RATs). The goal of this survey paper is to present the basic characteristics of V2I communication in heterogeneous multi-tier network environments. We first provide an overview of notable V2I applications and few of V2I related projects. We then focus on V2I communications over heterogeneous multi-tier networks. We identify several V2I research challenges and discuss possible solutions.

Fourth generation (4G) networks : Roadmap-migration to the future

The mobile communication generations has traversed a long way through different phases of evolution since its birth early in the 1970s. The steady global boom in the number of mobile users each year has periodically spurned the development of more and more sophisticated technologies trying to strike the right chord primarily in terms of provision of seamless global roaming, quality services and high data rate. Today numerous different generation technologies with their individual pros and cons are existing globally. The coming era of 4G systems is foreseeing a potential smooth merger of all these heterogeneous technologies with a natural progression to support seamless cost-effective high data rate global roaming, efficient personalized services, typical user-centric integrated service model, high QoS and overall stable system performance. However, every step in such technological advancements presents huge research challenges. This article aims to focus upon some of these potential challenges along with different proposed feasible and non-feasible solutions in the areas of mobile terminals and users, mobile services, mobile and wireless access networks, and communication, in order to give an indepth view of the next-generation communication systems.

Study of target tracking and handover in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network

Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) are becoming increasingly common these days and are hugely used in different applications like remotely monitoring health of patients, wild life tracking, localization and target tracking. In all these applications, mobile sensor nodes associate and communicate with different fixed coordinators. Reliable data transmission, maintaining an acceptable level of resiliency, providing seamless handover, effective target tracking and low energy consumption are few of the key requirements of effective communication in MWSNs. Out of these, the work done in this paper focuses on target tracking and the tangible need to have a seamless as well as fast handover in MWSNs. A few studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 Media Access Control (MAC) layer in MWSNs. Moreover, the paper proposes three different target tracking schemes as part of the handover activity of sensor nodes to demonstrate the feasibility of experiencing seamless handover procedure. The schemes are properly validated through simulation studies.

Challenges to development of multipurpose global federated testbed for Future Internet experimentation

Present Internet architecture is facing a number of challenges related to security, scalability, ubiquitous computing, management etc. Many initiatives are being carried out globally on designing new architecture for Future Internet which will address these issues. Large scale testbeds are required to validate new architectural designs. In this regard, two major initiatives being carried out are the European Unions (EU) Future Internet Research and Experimentation (FIRE) and USAs Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI). Apart from these, other countries like Japan, China and Korea are also working towards their own testbeds. This paper gives an overview of large scale testbed initiatives across the world and discusses the major challenges to the development of the global Future Internet testbed. It also compares two major regional testbed architectures and suggests development of formal architecture for worldwide global testbed which will eliminate improvident investments of time, resources and duplicate efforts.

LTE-advanced based handover mechanism for natural disaster situations

Telecommunication networks often face power outage problems in the natural disaster affected areas. Also, owing to a sudden substantial increase in network traffic loads the battery backup power of the base stations run out quickly and therefore hampering telecommunication services. To overcome this system performance issues, we propose a Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced (LTE-A)-based user equipment (UE)-controlled and base station (Evolved Node B or eNB)-assisted handover scheme. The idea is to limit the arrival of new traffic to an already overloaded eNB by diverting their handover to lightly loaded nearby eNBs. The novelty of this work is the ability of an UE to self-detect the occurrence of a natural disaster and to self-select the most suitable target eNB (TeNB) to handover with in the disaster affected areas. The handover is performed by obtaining the weighted average score (WAS) of the direction of motion (DoM) and the leftover battery backup power of the different neighboring eNBs (NeNB). The UE also predicts its DoM and dynamically adjust the weights of the two parameters if its a disaster situation. Preliminary simulation results show that the scheme can offer up to 65% handover success rate in disaster situations.

An energy aware mobile-controlled handover method for natural disaster situations

Existing cellular networks and their services are not equipped enough to deal with such emergency situations that arise following natural disasters like an earthquake or tornado. Often, immediately after a natural disaster, cellular base stations (BS) in the affected areas face power outage problems and their backup power does not last long owing mostly to traffic overloading. This paper proposes a mobile station-controlled reliable target base station selection scheme for energy-aware handover in natural disaster affected areas. In this scheme, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) mobile station (user equipment or UE), self-selects the target base station (target evolved nodeB or TeNB) based on two independent parameters, namely, the leftover backup power of the different BSs (Evolved Node B or eNB) in affected areas and the UEs movement direction prediction. The proposed handover scheme offers three significant benefits during natural disasters. Firstly, existing connections continue to receive good QoS. Secondly, new connections are diverted to less-overloaded nearby BSs. Finally, residual battery life of BSs is considerably prolonged.