Sayanh Somrithipol

Fungal diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa, including one new family, 10 new genera, and 76 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new family, Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology. The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae. The new genera are Allophaeosphaeria (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Amphibambusa (Amphisphaeriaceae), Brunneomycosphaerella (Capnodiales genera incertae cedis), Chaetocapnodium (Capnodiaceae), Flammeascoma (Anteagloniaceae), Multiseptospora (Pleosporales genera incertae cedis), Neogaeumannomyces (Magnaporthaceae), Palmiascoma (Bambusicolaceae), Paralecia (Squamarinaceae) and Sarimanas (Melanommataceae). The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii, Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis, A. muriformia, Alternaria cesenica, Amphibambusa bambusicola, Amphisphaeria sorbi, Annulohypoxylon thailandicum, Atrotorquata spartii, Brunneomycosphaerella laburni, Byssosphaeria musae, Camarosporium aborescentis, C. aureum, C. frutexensis, Chaetocapnodium siamensis, Chaetothyrium agathis, Colletotrichum sedi, Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis, Cytospora berberidis, C. sibiraeae, Diaporthe thunbergiicola, Diatrype palmicola, Dictyosporium aquaticum, D. meiosporum, D. thailandicum, Didymella cirsii, Dinemasporium nelloi, Flammeascoma bambusae, Kalmusia italica, K. spartii, Keissleriella sparticola, Lauriomyces synnematicus, Leptosphaeria ebuli, Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium, L. ravennicum, Lophiotrema eburnoides, Montagnula graminicola, Multiseptospora thailandica, Myrothecium macrosporum, Natantispora unipolaris, Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola, Neosetophoma clematidis, N. italica, Oxydothis atypica, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Paraconiothyrium nelloi, P. thysanolaenae, Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola, Paralecia pratorum, Paraphaeosphaeria spartii, Pestalotiopsis digitalis, P. dracontomelon, P. italiana, Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis, Phragmocapnias philippinensis, Pseudocamarosporium cotinae, Pseudocercospora tamarindi, Pseudotrichia rubriostiolata, P. thailandica, Psiloglonium multiseptatum, Saagaromyces mangrovei, Sarimanas pseudofluviatile, S. shirakamiense, Tothia spartii, Trichomerium siamensis, Wojnowicia dactylidicola, W. dactylidis and W. lonicerae. The Basidiomycota Agaricus flavicentrus, A. hanthanaensis, A. parvibicolor, A. sodalis, Cantharellus luteostipitatus, Lactarius atrobrunneus, L. politus, Phylloporia dependens and Russula cortinarioides are also introduced. Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for Hapalocystis berkeleyi, Meliola tamarindi, Pallidocercospora acaciigena, Phaeosphaeria musae, Plenodomus agnitus, Psiloglonium colihuae, P. sasicola and Zasmidium musae while notes and/or new sequence data are provided for Annulohypoxylon leptascum, A. nitens, A. stygium, Biscogniauxia marginata, Fasciatispora nypae, Hypoxylon fendleri, H. monticulosum, Leptosphaeria doliolum, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Neomicrothyrium, Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei, Phoma medicaginis and Saccotheciaceae. A full description of each species is provided with light micrographs (or drawings). Molecular data is provided for 90 taxa and used to generate phylogenetic trees to establish a natural classification for species.

Lignicolous freshwater Ascomycota from Thailand: Melanochaeta and Sporoschisma anamorphs.

Two species of Melanochaeta and three species of Sporoschisma are reported from Thailand. Two connections of Sporoschisma and Melanochaeta are confirmed. Melanochaeta hemipsila has Sporoschisma saccardoi as its anamorph with a Chalara synanamorph in culture. Melanochaeta garethjonesii is described as a new species and linked with S. uniseptatum. S. nigroseptatum was recorded but no evidence of a Melanochaeta teleomorph state could be found.

Putative basidiomycete teleomorphs and phylogenetic placement of the coelomycete genera: Chaetospermum, Giulia and Mycotribulus based on nu-rDNA sequences.

Few basidiomycetes are known to have a coelomycete anamorph. The partial SSU and LSU of nu-rDNA of three coelomycete genera (Chaetospermum, Giulia, Mycotribulus) were sequenced to determine their phylogenetic relationship. M. mirabilis was well placed in the Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, whereas G. tenuis clusters with the Corticiaceae, Corticiales. C. camelliae and C. artocarpi form a close relationship with the Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales. Although morphologically these coelomycetes are pycnidial and with appendaged conidia, they show no consistency in their phylogenetic relationship, belonging to disparate major taxonomic groups with putative teleomorphs in the Agaricales, Corticiales and Sebacinales. Further molecular studies of coelomycetes may be rewarding to evaluate their phylogenetic affinities.

Phylogeny of the Appendaged Coelomycete Genera: Pseudorobillarda, Robillarda, and Xepiculopsis Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences

Abstract A molecular study of selected species of the genera Pseudorobillarda, Robillarda and Xepiculopsis was undertaken to determine their phylogenetic relationships. Based on the analysis of the LSU, SSU and ITS nrDNA, Xepiculopsis graminea belongs in the Hypocreales, grouping with Myrothecium and Didymostilbe (and its sexual morph Peethambara) with species of Stachybotrys in a sister clade, but cannot be assigned to any known family. Robillarda sessillis clusters with members of the Amphisphaeriaceae (Xylariales) but shows no affinity with any genus in that family. Pseudorobillarda species formed a monophyletic group within the Pleosporomycetidae (Dothideomycetes), but do not show affinity with any family or order. This study confirms that Pseudorobillarda and Robillarda are phylogenetically distantly related and a monographic treatment is warranted to resolve the position of other species assigned to these genera. Moreover, molecular data supports the introduction of a new family within the Hypocreales for a well supported clade with the genera Didymostilbe, Myrothecium, Stachybotrys and Xepiculopsis.

Phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete genus Infundibulomyces based on nuclear rDNA data

The phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete genus Infundibulomyces with cupulate conidiomata was assessed by ribosomal DNA sequences of partial small subunit (SSU) and partial large subunit (LSU) regions using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The genus has no known teleomorph. A new species, Infundibulomyces oblongisporus, is described from collections on a senescent angiosperm leaf from Thailand based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Both Infundibulomyces species form a monophyletic group in the Chaetosphaeriaceae (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetidae) with Dictyochaeta simplex as a sister clade. Chaetosphaeriaceae with a coelomycete anamorph has not been reported previously.

Diversity of aero-aquatic hyphomycetes from six streams in Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai tropical forests, Thailand

Abstract Randomly collected naturally decaying submerged/semi-submerged wood from six freshwater streams in two forests Doi Inthanon (DI) and Khao Yai National Parks (KY), Thailand was examined for aero-aquatic hyphomycetes following five field collections in July 2009 to November 2010. A total of 1,171 fungal occurrences belonging to 32 species in 13 genera were identified from DI (31%), and KY (28%), with 41 % common to both sites. Of these, eighteen were new records (56.25% of all species) for Thailand. Percentage occurrence of fungi at DI streams 1–3 were 30.77%, 35.99%, and 33.33%, respectively; while at streams 4–6 at KY, percentage occurrence was 31.11, 35.56, and 33.33%, respectively. The most common species at both forests (with >10% frequency of occurrence, FO) were Candelabrum brocchiatum (34.5%), followed by Pseudaegerita corticalis (15.4%), and Cancellidium applanatum (12.5%). These fungi were found at five streams in the two forests while Helicomyces roseus (6.3%), Candelabrum microsporum (4.3%) and Helicosporium panachaeum (4.3%) are regarded as common species. Seven species were regarded as rare, occurring only once per site with FO = 0.1% (Candelabrum sp., Helicoma atroseptatum, H. perelegans, H. resinae, Helicoma sp., Helicosporium aureum and H. gracile). A comparison of the fungal community at the two forests and six streams shows little difference in species composition.

Taeniolella rudis and Taeniolella longissima sp. nov. with secondary sympodioconidia from freshwater habitats

Abstract Taeniolella rudis, with secondary sympodioconidia, is illustrated and described and its taxonomic assignment evaluated. A second new species, Taeniolella longissima, is described and illustrated. The ecological role of these fungi in the colonization of wood in freshwater habitats is discussed.

Lauriomyces, a New Lineage in the Leotiomycetes with Three New Species

Abstract Lauriomyces is an anamorphic genus comprising nine species, found growing on terrestrial leaf litter and wood in tropical habitats. The genus is characterized by solitary or synnematous, pigmented conidiophores bearing acropetal chains of unicellular, hyaline conidia.Amultigene (SSU, LSU & 5.8S) analysis of Lauriomyces strains reveal three cryptic new species, which are described, illustrated, and published here: L. acerosus, L. basitruncatus, and L. glumateus spp. nov. Lauriomyces glumateus is characterized by narrowly oval conidia while conidia of L. acerosus are cylindrical with acute ends and those of L. basitruncatus are cylindrical with truncate base. The nine Lauriomyces species sampled form a monophyletic clade in the Leotiomycetes, with high molecular support and all with a morphology typical for the genus. The new combination Dematioscypha catenata is made for Haplographium catenatum in compliance with the one name protocol.