Scott B. Tran

Metabolism and Disposition of [14C]Brivanib Alaninate after Oral Administration to Rats, Monkeys, and Humans

Brivanib [(R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-ol, BMS-540215] is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways. Its alanine prodrug, brivanib alaninate [(1R,2S)-2-aminopropionic acid 2-[4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy]-1-methylethyl ester, BMS-582664], is currently under development as an oral agent for the treatment of cancer. This study describes the in vivo biotransformation of brivanib after a single oral dose of [14C]brivanib alaninate to intact rats, bile duct-cannulated (BDC) rats, intact monkeys, BDC monkeys, and humans. Fecal excretion was the primary route of elimination of drug-derived radioactivity in animals and humans. In BDC rats and monkeys, the majority of radioactivity was excreted in bile. Brivanib alaninate was rapidly and completely converted via hydrolysis to brivanib in vivo. The area under the curve from zero to infinity of brivanib accounted for 14.2 to 54.3% of circulating radioactivity in plasma in animals and humans, suggesting that metabolites contributed significantly to the total drug-related radioactivity. In plasma from animals and humans, brivanib was a prominent circulating component. All the metabolites that humans were exposed to were also present in toxicological species. On the basis of metabolite exposure and activity against VEGF and FGF receptors of the prominent human circulating metabolites, only brivanib is expected to contribute to the pharmacological effects in humans. Unchanged brivanib was not detected in urine or bile samples, suggesting that metabolic clearance was the primary route of elimination. The primary metabolic pathways were oxidative and conjugative metabolism of brivanib.

The syntheses of [(14) C]BMS-823778 for use in a human ADME clinical study and of [(13) CD3 (13) CD2 ]BMT-094817, a stable-isotope labeled standard of a newly detected human metabolite.

Type 2 diabetes is a significant worldwide health problem. To support the development of BMS-823778 as an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 for type 2 diabetes, the synthesis of carbon-14-labeled material was required for use in a human adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study. The HCl salt form of [(14) C]BMS-823778 was synthesized in two steps from commercially available [2-(14) C]acetone. The radiochemical purity of the synthesized [(14) C]BMS-823778 after dilution with unlabeled clinical-grade BMS-823778 was 99.5% having a specific activity of 7.379 μCi/mg. One result of the human ADME study was the detection of a new human metabolite, BMT-094817. To support the quantification of BMT-094817 in clinical samples, it was necessary to synthesize [(13) CD3 (13) CD2 ]BMT-094817 for use as a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry standard. [(13) CD3 (13) CD2 ]BMT-094817 was prepared in five labeled steps from [(13) CD3 ]iodomethane.

The syntheses of isotopically labelled CB‐1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity

BMS-725519, BMS-811064, and BMS-812204 are potent and selective central cannabinoid receptor antagonists that have been investigated for the treatment of human obesity. To further understand their biotransformation profiles, radiolabelled and stable-labelled products were required. This paper describes the utility of [14 C]1,1-carbonyldiimidazole as a radiolabelling reagent for the syntheses of carbonyl-labelled [14 C]BMS-725519, [14 C]BMS-811064, and [14 C]BMS-812204. The syntheses of stable-labelled [13 C6 ]BMS-725519 and [13 CD313 CD2 ]BMS-812204 synthesized from of [13 C6 ]4-chloroacetophenone and [13 CD313 CD2 ]iodoethane, respectively, are also described.

The synthesis of [1‐14C]2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)acetic acid

Tetrazoles are a common heterocyclic functionality in many biologically active molecules. [1-14 C]2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid was required as an intermediate in the synthesis of a development candidate as part of a discovery phase program to complete metabolic profiling studies. [1-14 C]2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid was prepared in 4 steps overall and in 3 radiochemical steps from K14 CN in an overall 32% radiochemical yield.

The synthesis of 14C‐labeled, 13CD2‐labeled saxagliptin, and its 13CD2‐labeled 5‐hydroxy metabolite

(14)C-labeled saxagliptin, (13) CD2-labeled saxagliptin, and its (13) CD2-labeled 5-hydroxy metabolite were synthesized to further support development of the compound for biological studies. This paper describes new syntheses leading to the desired compounds. A total of 3.0 mCi of (14)C-labeled saxagliptin was obtained with a specific activity of 53.98 μCi/mg (17.13 mCi/mmol). The radiochemical purity determined by HPLC was 99.29%, and the overall radiochemical yield was 3.0% based upon 100 mCi of [(14)C]CH2 I2 starting material. By following similar synthetic routes, 580.0 mg of (13)CD2-labeled saxagliptin and 153.1 mg of (13)CD2-labeled 5-hydroxysaxagliptin metabolite were prepared.

The synthesis of (14)C-labeled, (13)CD2-labeled saxagliptin, and its (13)CD2-labeled 5-hydroxy metabolite.

(14)C-labeled saxagliptin, (13) CD2-labeled saxagliptin, and its (13) CD2-labeled 5-hydroxy metabolite were synthesized to further support development of the compound for biological studies. This paper describes new syntheses leading to the desired compounds. A total of 3.0 mCi of (14)C-labeled saxagliptin was obtained with a specific activity of 53.98 μCi/mg (17.13 mCi/mmol). The radiochemical purity determined by HPLC was 99.29%, and the overall radiochemical yield was 3.0% based upon 100 mCi of [(14)C]CH2 I2 starting material. By following similar synthetic routes, 580.0 mg of (13)CD2-labeled saxagliptin and 153.1 mg of (13)CD2-labeled 5-hydroxysaxagliptin metabolite were prepared.

The synthesis of14C-labeled,13CD2-labeled saxagliptin, and its13CD2-labeled 5-hydroxy metabolite: 14C-saxagliptin, 13CD2-saxagliptin and 13CD2-5-hydroxy metabolite

(14)C-labeled saxagliptin, (13) CD2-labeled saxagliptin, and its (13) CD2-labeled 5-hydroxy metabolite were synthesized to further support development of the compound for biological studies. This paper describes new syntheses leading to the desired compounds. A total of 3.0 mCi of (14)C-labeled saxagliptin was obtained with a specific activity of 53.98 μCi/mg (17.13 mCi/mmol). The radiochemical purity determined by HPLC was 99.29%, and the overall radiochemical yield was 3.0% based upon 100 mCi of [(14)C]CH2 I2 starting material. By following similar synthetic routes, 580.0 mg of (13)CD2-labeled saxagliptin and 153.1 mg of (13)CD2-labeled 5-hydroxysaxagliptin metabolite were prepared.