Scott M. Cutlip

The Unseen Power : Public Relations: A History

Contents: Prologue Part I: The Seedbed Years of Counseling, 1900-1919. The Nations First Publicity Agency. The First Washington Agencies. First Parker and Lee, Then Lee, Harris, and Lee. The Hamilton Wright Organization -- The First International Agency. Pendleton Dudley Starts Fifth Agency in 1909. Part II: Public Relations Booms in the Booming Twenties, 1919-1930. Ivy Lee Returns to New York Joined by T.J. Ross. Edward L. Bernays: Pioneer, Philosopher, Centenarian. Bernays: The Counselor and His Genius and His Role in the Profession. John Price Jones Tries to Ride Two Horses. Steve Hannagan: Super Press Agent. Harry Bruno: Aviation and Public Relations Pioneer. William H. Baldwin: Counselor and Citizen. Ben Sonnenberg: Sui Generis. Clarke and Tyler: Builders of the Ku Klux Klan. John W. Hill: Builder of an Enduring Legacy. John Hills Two Major Battles: Steel and Tobacco -- and the Person. Part III: The Depression and the Years Beyond. Carl Byoir: The Little Giant of Public Relations. Carl Byoir: Years of Success and Storm. Whitaker & Baxter: Architects of the New Politics. Earl Newsom: Counselor to Corporate Giants. Earl Newsom and the Auto Giants: Ford and GM. Earl Newsom and the Ford Foundation. Epilogue.

Fund raising in the United States : its role in America's philanthropy

Fund raising in the United States is big business. Some 350,000 nonprofit organizations employ an army of fund raisers, all competing for their share, employing the latest technology in computerized direct mail and telemarketing. The American public is swamped with appeals on behalf of this cause or that, as ever more ambitious financial goals are set. Equally intense are demands on active citizens to staff fund-raising drives; a 1987 survey found that 48 percent of Americans engage in some sort of volunteer work. Popular philanthropy, financed by organized, high-pressure fund raising, is uniquely American. This classic history of fund raising in the United States, first published in 1965, has been out of print for the last twenty-two years despite continuing demand. It covers the role of fund raising from the seventeenth century to the present, with emphasis on mass secular fund raising in the twentieth century (religious fund raising is excluded). It documents techniques and problems that are central to the profession today, as well as events and persons on the cutting edge. As both Cutlip and Schwartz indicate in this new edition, since 1964 the climate for philanthropy has been conditioned by two factors-public policies and public perception. Reduction in federal grants to charities and changes in tax policies have increased the gap between needs and resources. Public perception is also a problem, as the result of rampant scandals. Competition for the philanthropic dollar is keener than ever; but the picture is not all gloomy. Schwartz outlines nine positive trends. Among them is increasing interest in philanthropic studies in many areas of academia, including history, sociology, economics, public policy, behavioral sciences, social work, and American studies. There is also increasing interest overseas, as American approaches to fund raising become an example for other nations.

Public relations in the government

The sheer size and complexity of government — local, state and especially federal — often leaves a reporter with a government beat feeling as if he has an elephant by the tail. Increasingly, says the author of this article, reporters have come to depend on information officers for news about governmental activities, allowing more and more control of the shape of the news “to the source with axes to grind. ” But public information officers are in a tight spot as well, the author says. The government information specialist must organize vast amounts of information and make it available to the press and the public in a manner which will secure their understanding and approval. Often he earns their suspicion as well. Scott Cutlip says that government public relations “is a weapon of Power,” but the very nature of government makes public information operations essential if the media are to cover government effectively and economically. This article analyzes the give and take between public information specialists and members of the press, and contains recommendations for improving that relationship.

Fifty years ahead of the news: A lifetime of practical public relations experience: John E. Sattler (Published by the author.) A Whistlestop/SI Book. 1993

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A public relations Footnote to the pete rose affair

Lost amidst the volumes of news coverage and commentary generated by PeteRoses unsuccessful challenge to the authority of the Commissioner of Major League baseball was the origin of the Commissioners office in 1921. Albert Lasker, generally referred to as the father of modern advertising but who also was a public relations genius, created the position of Baseball Czar as a public relations solution to the public relations problem facing baseball in the wake of the 1919–1920 Black Sox Scandal. Lasker, majority owner of the Cubs, sensed the danger to organized baseball and moved innovatively and determinedly to solve it by bringing about the appointment of Judge Kennesaw Mountain Landis as baseballs czar. Landis, who ruled with a strong, firm hand from 1921 until his death in 1944,established the supremacy of the Commissioners Office—a supremacy that a popular Pete Rose could not challenge. Laskers public relations solution was soon copied by the motion picture industry when it was hit by the Fatty Arbuckle Scandal.

Pen Dudley's name finally disappears from the public relations marquee

Abstract When the public relations firm D-A-Y was dissolved into Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations November 1, 1988, the longest lived public relations agency disappeared into the sands of time that enveloped the first four agencies started in the first decade of the waning century. The D in D-A-Y stood for Pendleton Dudley, a venerable pioneer in this vocation, who had opened his agency in Wall Street in 1909 at the urging of his good friend, Ivy Lee. Dudley, a rugged, independent product of frontier America, headed his firm for fifty-seven years—a longevity record surpassed only by that of Edward L. Bernays, who started his firm in 1919 in the Post World War I public relations boom. Pendleton Dudley—known to his close friends as Pen and to his associates in his firm as PD, was born September 8, 1876, in a small frontier town of Troy, Missouri, when America was an agricultural nation. He came to pioneer as a counselor to the corporate giants, AT&T among them, in a complex, interdependent corporate industrial America. Pen Dudley did much to infuse this field with respectability in a time when it was viewed with suspicion or disdain in its early years. He was a strong advocate of research as the only sound basis for planning and executing programs to influence public behavior. He was also active in the Public Relations Society of America after it was formed in 1948 and was in the forefront of those creating the now extinct Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education. In 1965, he received the Distinguished Service Award from the New York PRSA Chapter. He died at the age of 90 in 1966. The author is Dean Emeritus of Journalism at the University of Georgia, and co-author Effective Public Relations , 6th Ed.

Response from a public relations researcher

Agreeing with both Tirone and Lindenmann in general, Scott Cutlip states that there is too little public relations research related to advancement of the practice and too much research that is shoddy and superficial. But he points out that new researchers are coming into the field and advancing its level of scholarship. Dean Cutlip also takes issue with those who argue that public relations education should not be based in a journalism school.