Sebahattin Albayrak

Use of Reflectance Measurements for the Detection of N, P, K, ADF and NDF Contents in Sainfoin Pasture

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (P), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.) pasture and canopy reflectance. Canopy reflectance measurements were made by using a portable spectroradiometer. An experiment was conducted in the Turkey in May and June in 2007 and 2008. Sainfoin pasture N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents correlated linearly with the reflectance ratios R780/650 (0.61≤ r2 ≤0.80) and first derivatives of the reflectance ratios 760/630 (0.70≤ r2 ≤0.84). Linear equations between each forage variable and reflectance or first derivatives reflectance had high r2 (0.68≤ r2 ≤0.83 and 0.79≤ r2 ≤0.90, respectively) in R780 and R760 wavelengths. In stepwise regression of the reflectance (in 460, 550, 650 and 780 nm wavelengths), the r2 of predicted and measured N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of sainfoin pasture were (0.85, 0.85, 0.78, 0.81 and 0.74, respectively), in stepwise regression of the first derivatives of reflectance (in 440, 530, 630 and 760 nm wavelengths), the r2 of predicted and measured N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of sainfoin pasture were (0.87, 0.91, 0.83, 0.93 and 0.86, respectively). Our results suggest that canopy reflectance in blue, green, red and near infrared wavebands with NIR/Red and NDVI ratios can be used for nondestructive prediction of forage quality variables in sainfoin pasture.

Effects of phosphorus fertilisation and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of narbon vetch

Abstract The effects of five different phosphorus rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha‐1) and three different harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, full flowering, and seed filling) on forage yield and quality of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) were evaluated under the Mediterranean conditions of Turkey in 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined. Phosphorus rates and harvesting stages significantly affectedmost of the quality components determined in narbon vetch. Phosphorus applications increased DM yield, CP, N, P, Ca and Mg contents, decreased K, Fe, ADF and NDF, and had no effect on Mn, Cu and Zn. Harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality. Crude protein, N, P, K, Cu, Zn and Mg contents decreased with advancing stages, while Ca, ADF and NDF contents increased.

Effects of fertilisation and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of five phosphorus rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha‐1) and three harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, full flowering, and seed filling) on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Dry matter (DM) yield, N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined. Phosphorus rates and harvesting stages significantly affected most of the components determined in hairy vetch. Phosphorus applications increased DM yield, N, P, Ca and Mg contents but decreased K, tetany ratio (K: (Ca + Mg)), ADF and NDF and had no effect on Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn. Harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality. Contents of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mg and tetany ratios decreased with advancing growth while DM yield, Ca, ADF and NDF contents increased.

Effect of Rhizobium inoculation on forage and seed yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under rainfed conditions

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is used as a cover crop, green manure, pasture, silage, and hay. Its high dry matter content and nitrogen accumulation, and the absence of hard seeds, make it an exce...

Use of canopy-and leaf-reflectance indices for the detection of quality variables of Vicia species

Laboratory determinations of plant-nutrient contents are time consuming and costly. Measurements of reflectance may provide a rapid and accurate means of estimating plant quality variables. This study was conducted to determine relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents of Vicia sativa, Vicia pannonica and Vicia villosa and their canopy- and leaf-reflectance indices. Canopy- and leaf-reflectance measurements were made by using a portable spectroradiometer and a plant probe. Linear equations between each forage quality variable and the simple ratio of reflectances in the near-infrared (R NIR) to red regions (R Red) of the electromagnetic spectrum, R NIR/R Red, or the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, had coefficients of determination, R 2, of 0.45 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.80 and 0.49 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.85 at wavelengths of 760 and 640 nm, respectively. Validation of developed equations indicated that all quality parameters could be predicted by either NDVI or R NIR/R Red. Our results suggest that N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of vetch species can be estimated at the beginning of the flowering stage and throughout the seed-filling stage using remote-sensing data of both canopy- and leaf-reflectance indices.

Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer improve pastures naturally growing under hazelnut trees

Abstract This three-year study (2003–2005) aimed to improve the yield and quality of pastures growing naturally that are colonized by naturally occurring vegetation without agricultural input under hazelnut (Corylus sp.) orchards in the middle and eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. There were eight treatments: 1) control; 2) fertilizer only (triple superphosphate 44% and calcium ammonium nitrate 26%) (80kg ha−1 P and 60 kg ha−1 N in Samsun; 100 kg ha−1 P and 80 kg ha−1 N in Ordu; 100 kg ha−1 P and 40 kg ha−1 N in Giresun); 3) lime only (calcium carbonate 94%) (3.0 t ha−1 lime in Samsun; 4.5 t ha−1 lime in Ordu and Giresun); 4) early cut only; 5) soil aeration only; 6) fertilizer+lime; 7) fertilizer+lime+early cut; 8) fertilizer+lime+soil aeration, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at each location. The highest dry matter (DM) yield of kg ha−1 and crude protein content (%) was obtained from the treatments that included fertilizer. There was no difference in DM production between any of the combination treatments that involved fertilizer and the fertilizer alone treatment. Only lime and aeration applications also increased yield compared to control, but not as much as did any treatment including fertilizer. Crude protein content of the pasture ranged from 13.3 to 18.1% across locations. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer are recommended to improve DM yields and herbage quality for pastures under hazelnut orchards.

Determination of Forage Yield and Quality Characteristics of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Lines

In the present study, we examined forage yield and quality features of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) lines developed by using half-sib family selection breeding method. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications between 2009 and 2011 years in Samsun, Turkey. Based on the average of the results of two years, significant differences were found for all parameters. In the studied lines and varieties, dry matter yields were found between 6.66 and 9.37 t ha-1, crude protein contents 11.46-13.81%, crude protein yields 0.80-1.18 t ha-1, acid detergent fiber 31.41-34.75%, neutral detergent fiber 48.77-52.80%, total digestible nutrient contents 56.49-60.80%, total digestible nutrient yields 376.35-556.42 t ha-1 and relative feed values 109.33-122.83. Annual ryegrass lines 4, 5, 6, 10 and 11 were selected for further regional yield assessments due to their superior yield and quality attributes.

Isparta Ekolojik Koşullarında Bazı Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Çeşitlerinin Ot Verim ve Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu arastirma, Isparta kosullarinda yonca ( Medicago sativa L.) cesitlerinin ot verimi ile tarimsal karakterlerini belirlemek amaciyla 2010-2012 yillarinda yurutulmustur. Denemede Bilensoy, Verko, Gea, Prosementi ve Aday cesit olmak uzere 5 adet yonca cesidinin verim ve kalite ozellikleri incelenmistir. Calisma sonucunda; En yuksek kuru ot ve ham protein verimleri Bilensoy ve Aday cesitte (sirasiyla, 2355-2368 kg/da, 381.24-410.00 kg/da arasinda) bulunmustur. Yonca cesitlerinde en yuksek ham protein orani %17.37 ile Aday cesitte belirlenmistir. Arastirmada en dusuk ADF ve NDF oranlari ise Bilensoy (sirasiyla, %34.50 ve %42.20) cesidinde tespit edilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen sonuclara gore yuksek kuru ot ve ham protein verimi bakimindan Bilensoy ve Aday cesit Isparta ve benzeri ekolojik kosullara tavsiye edilebilir.