Sebastião Martins Filho

Use of RAPD-PCR to identify true hybrid plants from crosses between closely related progenitors

RAPD-PCR molecular markers were used to identify common bean and soybean hybrid plants derived from crosses between closely related progenitors, with no apparent phenotypic differences. Primers OP-F12 and OP-0O3 were used to identify true hybrids derived from crosses between common bean cultivars Ruda (A 285) and AN 910408, and soybean cultivars Cristalina and Bossier, respectively. Each primer generated one polymorphic DNA band which was present in the male progenitor and absent in the female progenitor. As RAPD bands are normally inherited as dominant characters, the presence of these bands in the F1 plants confirmed their status.

Physiological quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds during storage

The physic nut has been considered as one of the oilseed plants species with the highest potential for biofuel production. Oleaginous seeds demand special care during storage to maintain their quality. This study aimed to establish the most adequate conditions for their storage. Freshly-harvested seeds were dried until 7.2 moisture content and stored along a year, under the following conditions: environmental laboratory and cold chamber ( ±5 oC and 60% RH), into paper bag, polypropylene bag, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was then assessed by the tests: germination; first count; germination speed index; seedling length; accelerated aging; cold test; field emergence; and emergence speed index, after zero, three, six, nine, and 12 months. There was linear reduction of germination and vigor of the seeds after storage under environmental laboratory condition, into paper or polypropylene bags, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was higher after storage in cold chamber, into paper or polypropylene bags; and into cardboard barrel, at environmental laboratory condition.

Produção de mudas de essências florestais em diferentes substratos e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento em campo

This experiment was installed with the aim of evaluating the substrates effect with different chemical and physical characteristics in the formation of seedling of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (cedro rosa), Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (eucalipto), Acacia holocericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don (acacia) and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeirinha) produced in tubes of 55 cm3. The substrates had been constituted of several combinations of the following materials: humus of earthworm, tanned cattle manure, fertilizer of hen, turf, rind of processed peanut, carbonized rind of rice, coffee straw. The experimental outline used was entirely randomized. The morphologic parameters of seedling and their relations were evaluated. The pits were filled with two types of fertilization: cattle manure and cattle manure + conditioning of soil in field. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the test of average (Newman-Keuls 5%). The results obtained in the nursery stage that can be recommended for production of seedlings of the studied essences were the base substrates of earthworm humus, peanut peel processed and peat. In the field stage, except for the species acacia, for the variable height of the plants, the fertilization with cattle manure + conditioning of soil was the best for all the appraised variables, providing better development of the seedlings in relation to the fertilization with cattle manure only.

Lime sulfur toxicity to broad mite, to its host plants and to natural enemies

BACKGROUND An acaricidal effect of lime sulfur has not been demonstrated for Polyphagotarsonemus latus. However, lime sulfur can cause toxicity to natural enemies and to host plants. In this study, the toxicity of different concentrations of lime sulfur to P. latus, to the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus and to the predatory insect Chrysoperla externa was evaluated. Additionally, the phytotoxicity of lime sulfur to two P. latus hosts, chili pepper and physic nut plants, was determined. RESULTS Lime sulfur at a concentration of 9.5 mL L(-1) restrained P. latus population growth. However, this concentration was deleterious to natural enemies. The predatory mite A. herbicolus showed a negative value of instantaneous growth rate, and only 50% of the tested larvae of C. externa reached adulthood when exposed to 10 mL L(-1) . Physic nut had severe injury symptoms when sprayed with all tested lime sulfur concentrations. For chili pepper plants, no phytoxicity was observed at any tested concentration. CONCLUSION Lime sulfur might be used for P. latus control on chili pepper but not on physic nut owing to phytotoxicity. Care should be taken when using lime sulfur in view of negative effects on natural enemies. Selective lime sulfur concentration integrated with other management tactics may provide an effective and sustainable P. latus control on chili pepper.

Controle genético da resistência da soja à raça 4 de Cercospora sojina

The objective of this work was to study the genetic control of resistance to frogeye leaf spot in segregating populations derived from the cross between Parana and Bossier soybean cultivars. The progenitors and the F1, F2, RC1 and RC2 generations were evaluated for six plant characters associated to the disease: infection grade (NT); number of lesions per foliole (NLF); average diameter of lesion (DML); percentage of lesioned foliar area (PAFL); number of lesions per square centimeter (NLC) and disease index (ID). Soybean resistance to frogeye leaf spot behaved as a quantitative character, and the additive genic effect was the most important character. The influences on NT were the following: additive effect (62.05%), dominance effect (7.68%) and additive x additive, additive x dominant and dominant x dominant epistatic interactions (7.32%). The additive-dominant model was satisfactory to explain the variations only of PAFL and NLC characters. The influence of the effect of epistatic interactions varied from 2.22% for PAFL up to 30.78% for DML character. The additive-dominant genetic model is satisfactory to explain the behavior of the average of the generations of PAFL and NLC characters. However, for NT, NLF, DML and ID, the additive-dominant-epistatic model is more adequate.

Seed quality of rice cultivars stored in different environments

The objective of this study was to evaluate dormancy and physiological quality of seeds of rice cultivars during storage in different environments. After harvesting, the seeds of three rice cultivars (Seleta, Curinga and Relâmpago) were dried in the sun, to reach moisture content at around 13%. Then, they were packed in paper and stored in four environments: 5 ± 2 oC / 70 ± 5% RH, 12 ± 2 oC / 70 ± 5% RH, 18 ± 2 oC / 65 ± 5% RH and in uncontrolled condition of temperature and relative humidity (natural). Physiological quality was evaluated at the beginning and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage by germination test, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and sand emergence. The experiment was conducted in split plots in a completely randomized design with three replications. Environmental factor was applied in the plots, cultivars in the subplots and storage period in subplots. Cultivar Seleta showed higher dormancy, which was surpassed during storage regardless of environment conservation. In general, seeds stored in natural environment showed lower physiological quality. Only the seeds of cultivar Seleta, regardless of the environment, maintained germination above the minimum required for commercialization until six months of storage.

EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL FIXATION OF NITROGEN IN RHIZOBIUM UNDER WATER DEFICIT

Varios fatores como a temperatura, acidez do solo, teor de nutrientes e cultivar, interferem na eficiencia simbiotica das estirpes de Rhizobium em condicoes de campo. Com objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de fixacao biologica de nitrogenio de estirpes nativas de Rhizobium sp. foi realizado um experimento em vasos montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 10x7 (10 linhagens de feijoeiro consideradas tolerantes ao deficit hidrico, sendo estas: Amarelinho, Macuquinho, Imperial, EL 22, BATT 477, Uirapuru, IAPAR-81, Bate Estrada, Serrano e Preto Meia Lua e 7 inoculantes isolados dos solos dos municipios de Colatina, Vila Pavao, Nova Venecia, Pinheiros, Sooretama, Linhares e Alegre, no estado do Espirito Santo, com quatro repeticoes. Os dados demonstraram que a fixacao biologica de N2 utilizando a inoculacao de estirpes eficientes de Rhizobium em cultivar nodulante de feijoeiro ou seu cultivo em solos com populacao nativa eficiente, pode possibilitar a suplementacao ou ate mesmo a nao utilizacao de nitrogenio em cobertura na cultura do feijoeiro, sem perdas no rendimento da produtividade.Varios fatores como a temperatura, acidez do solo, teor de nutrientes e cultivar, interferem na eficiencia simbiotica das estirpes de Rhizobium em condicoes de campo. Com objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de fixacao biologica de nitrogenio de estirpes nativas de Rhizobium sp. foi realizado um experimento em vasos montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 10x7 (10 linhagens de feijoeiro consideradas tolerantes ao deficit hidrico, sendo estas: Amarelinho, Macuquinho, Imperial, EL 22, BATT 477, Uirapuru, IAPAR-81, Bate Estrada, Serrano e Preto Meia Lua e 7 inoculantes isolados dos solos dos municipios de Colatina, Vila Pavao, Nova Venecia, Pinheiros, Sooretama, Linhares e Alegre, no estado do Espirito Santo, com quatro repeticoes. Os dados demonstraram que a fixacao biologica de N2 utilizando a inoculacao de estirpes eficientes de Rhizobium em cultivar nodulante de feijoeiro ou seu cultivo em solos com populacao nativa eficiente, pode possibilitar a suplementacao ou ate mesmo a nao utilizacao de nitrogenio em cobertura na cultura do feijoeiro, sem perdas no rendimento da produtividade.

SELEÇÃO DE GENÓTIPOS DE FEIJOEIRO À SECA

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar genotipos de feijoeiro com o proposito de selecionar materiais com capacidade de tolerância a seca. O experimento foi conduzido dentro de casa de vegetacao no campus do Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (CCAUFES), Alegre-ES. Devido ao grande numero de genotipos a serem avaliados o experimento foi realizado em duas fases, o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo a umidade do solo no periodo de estresse hidrico determinada num intervalo de dois dias, pelo metodo EDABO (Evaporacao Direta da Agua em Banho de Oleo). Em termos de produtividade foi possivel verificar a diferenca nao-significativa entre os sistemas de cultivo sem e com estresse para os genotipos IN 2, IN 9, IN 12, IN 14, IN 16, IN 17, IN 18, EL-22, IAPAR 81, Vermelho e Brinco de Ouro, mostrando, desta forma, que estes genotipos sao tolerantes ao estresse hidrico; porem estes materiais, na maioria, foram pouco produtivos. Para o numero de flores, caracteristica esta que acarreta menor numero de vagens e consequentemente menor produtividade, os genotipos Caete pe Curto, Iconha, Vagem Riscada e Macuquinho, apresentaram-se suscetiveis ao deficit hidrico. Para os demais genotipos nao houve diferenca significativa entre os sistemas de cultivo, mostrando que estes genotipos, para esta caracteristica, se comportaram de maneira semelhante, tanto na presenca quanto na ausencia do estresse hidrico.

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o figado de gatos submetidos a tirotoxicose induzida pela tecnica de histograma dos niveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possiveis alteracoes hepaticas decorrentes do excesso de hormonios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos higidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150µg/kg de levotiroxina sodica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepatico nao demonstrou diferenca estatistica ao nivel de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variacoes dos valores das variaveis estudadas sugeriram a promocao de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuicao da ecogenicidade do parenquima hepatico quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliacao citopatologica e histopatologica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotoxica em todos os animais.

Eletroacupuntura aplicada nas fases precoce e tardia da cicatrização do tendão calcanear comum de coelhos após reparo tardio com peritônio bovino conservado em solução supersaturada de sal: aspectos clínicos

In order to evaluate the use of eletroacupuncture (EA) on clinical and functional aspects, the Acchiles tendon of thirty-two rabbits was sectioned and after 30 days was grafted using salt supersatured - stored bovine peritoneum graft. Then, animals were distributed into three equally groups. They were stimulated by EA from the second to 11th post - operative day (S10 group), from 11th to 31th pos-operative day (S20 group), or were not stimulated (C group). Neither edema nor hyperemia were detected on S10 animals. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between groups related to functional aspects. All rabbits were recovered until the 51th day of the post-operative period. The use of eletroacupuncture on acute Acchiles tendon healing avoided edema and hyperemia, but did not improve functional aspects.