Seema Thakur

Compare, evaluate, and estimate chronological age with dental age and skeletal age in 6–14-year-old Himachali children

Introduction: Age estimation is of immense importance not only for personal identification but also for treatment planning in medicine and dentistry. Chronologic age conveys only a rough approximation of the maturational status of a person. Hence, dental and skeletal ages (SAs) have been explored as maturity indicators since decades. Aims And Objectives: To test the applicability of Willems dental age (DA) assessment methods as well as Mito T SA assessment method in Himachali children. Materials and Methods: The study included 55 subjects (30 males and 25 females) ranging from 6 to 14 years age who require orthodontic intervention. DA estimation was performed from digital orthopantomogram of mandibular teeth of left quadrant using Willems methods. SA estimation was done from lateral cephalogram using Mito T method. The differences between the chronological age (CA) and the estimated dental and SAs were statistically tested using paired t-test. The correlation between CA, dental, and SA estimation methods was confirmed statistically using Pearsons correlation. Results: Among the age estimation methods used in this study, the Willems DA estimation method proved to be the most accurate and consistent. Conclusion: Although various age estimation methods do exist, the results are varied in different populations due to ethnic differences. However, till new tables are formulated using greater sample size, the Willems method can be accurately applied to estimate CA for the population studied.

Pattern of ear, nose, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus(enplo) cancers in a rural based hospital.

A total of 1527 cases of total body cancer (TBC) presented at M G I M S between 1st Jan. 1992 to 30th April 1999. ENPLO cancers comprised 656 (42.9%)casees. Ca cervix was the commonest cancer amongst TBC comprising 15.3% cases. Ca oral cavity was the commoncest among ENPLO cancers comprising 24.3% cases followed by Ca oesophagus comprising 19.1% Ca oropharynx comprising 16.9%, Ca hypopharynx comprising 13.4%, Ca larynx comprising 11.3% and Ca Nose and PNS comprising 5.7% cases. ENPLI cancers constiuted the major burden of TBC in our hospital.

A comparative evaluation of efficacy and efficiency of grayson's presurgical nasoalveolar molding technique in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate with those treated with figueroa's modified technique

Background: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) has been used for aligning and not only for approximating the maxillary alveolar segments preoperatively but also for improving the nasal symmetry and therefore facilitates primary surgical repairs in cleft patients. Aim: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and efficiency of Graysons technique with Figueroas modified presurgical nasoalveolar technique in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two infants aged 10–15 days were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group I treated with Graysons PNAM technique and Group II with Figueroas PNAM technique. Results: When we compared nasal asymmetry values preoperatively and postoperatively of Group I and Group II, it was found that the nostril height increased significantly on the cleft side and nostril width decreased significantly postoperatively on the cleft side. When we compared nasal asymmetry values postoperatively of Group I with Group II, all the values were nonsignificant. When we compared the digital maxillary cast analysis outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively in Group I and Group II, it was found that there was a significant reduction in the alveolar gap and there is a significant increase in the arch width. When we compared the efficiency of Group I with Group II, it was found that Group II was more efficient than Group II. Conclusion: This study showed a morphological improvement in nasal symmetry and maxillary alveoli of infants with UCLP treated with both Graysons PNAM technique and Figueroas PNAM technique with Graysons PNAM technique being more efficient.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine in children during the primary maxillary molar extractions

Aims: This study aims to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine in children during the primary maxillary molar extractions. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients were randomly selected for the study who required maxillary molar extractions and received buccal infiltration either using lidocaine or articaine. Results: Higher mean value for facial pain scale for lidocaine suggesting lesser effectiveness of infiltration was seen in the results. Statistically insignificant changes were seen in heart rate, blood pressure, and difference in Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability Scale between articaine and lidocaine. Higher pain scores with lidocaine compared to articaine are shown in the results of the study but are not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be concluded that articaine is better alternative to lidocaine for local anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Comparative evaluation of clinical and radiological success of zinc oxide-ozonated oil, modified 3mix-mp antibiotic paste, and vitapex as treatment options in primary molars requiring pulpectomy: An in vivo study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide-ozonated oil (ZnO-OO), modified 3Mix antibiotic paste, and Vitapex in treatment of primary molars requiring pulpectomy. Methods: Sixty-four primary molars of forty three children aged between 4 and 8 years with pulpally involved primary molars requiring root canal procedures were treated with ZnO-OO, modified 3Mix-MP paste, and Vitapex. The subjects were followed up clinically at 1, 6, and 12 months whereas radiographically at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Results: The results showed that the clinical and radiographic success rates of ZnO-OO and Vitapex over 12 months period of observation were 100% whereas, for modified 3Mix-MP paste, the results were 95.8% and 79.2%, respectively. Conclusion: On the basis of the overall success rates of all the three medicaments, following order of performance can be inferred clinical success and radiographical success:- ZnO-OO = Vitapex > modified 3MIX-MP paste.

Extraoral cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin: A report of two pedodontic cases

Odontogenic extraoral, cutaneous sinus is described as a path leading from an enclosed area of inflammation to an epithelial surface. The patients visit a physician first for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment and both do not give consideration most of the times to the dental etiology. The misdiagnosis and mismanagement leading to persistence of infection can cause frustration to the patient. Successful management of the odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts of pulpal pathology depends on proper diagnosis. However, these lesions continue to be a diagnostic quandary. Two cases of 11-year-old and 13-year-old female patients with cutaneous extraoral sinus tract have been discussed in this article. These patients were not taken seriously by the physicians, and due to their negligence, these pediatric patients had to undergo a lot of trauma. The case report describes how after proper history, diagnosis, and correct treatment by a pedodontist, the infection healed in these two different patients. Proper diagnosis is the basic requirement for the successful management of the odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts of pulpal origin. Several case reports reveal that the appropriate diagnosis could not be made leading the incorrect treatment offered to the patients. It causes the cutaneous sinus tract to reoccur as the dental etiology is not addressed. The cutaneous sinus tracts are a rare entity in the pedodontic patients. Proper management can lead to treatment at a much earlier stage thus curbing the progression of the disease and also saving of time and expenses of the patient.

Esthetic rehabilitation of severely decayed primary incisors using glass impregnated fiber post as post and core: A treatment option

Restoration of primary incisors, which have been severely damaged by extensive caries or trauma, is a difficult task for the pediatric dentist. Primary teeth dictate the physical appearance, and their structural affects leads to loss of esthetics compromised mastication, poor phonetics, development of aberrant habits, neuromuscular imbalance, and difficulty in social and psychological adjustment of the child. Case description: This case report discusses the restoration of severely decayed primary maxillary incisors using composite resin restoration reinforced with glass impregnated post in anterior teeth in a 4-year-old male patient. The use of intracanal posts in endodontically treated teeth improves the retention of a eventual restoration. The use of impregnated fiberglass post together with flowable composite offers an alternative where all components are bonded together to form a firmly attached restoration. This technique of glass impregnated composite resin post and core has shown promising results and has presented pediatric dentists with an additional treatment option.

In search of a novel substitute: Clinical and radiological success of lesion sterilization and tissue repair with modified 3mix-mp antibiotic paste and conventional pulpectomy for primary molars with pulp involvement with 18 months follow-up

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide (ZnO)-ozonated oil, modified 3Mix antibiotic paste, and vitapex in the treatment of primary molars requiring pulpectomy. Methods: Sixty-four primary molars of forty-three healthy children aged between 4 and 8 years with primary molars requiring root canal procedure were treated with ZnO-ozonated oil, modified 3Mix-MP antibiotic paste, and vitapex. Clinical follow up was done at 1, 6,12 months and 18 months while radiographical follow-up was done at 6,12 and 18 months, respectively. Results: The results showed that the clinical success rates of ZnO-ozonated oil, modified 3Mix-MP paste and vitapex were 95.5%,89.5% and 100% respectively and radiographical success rates were 94.4%,80.95% and 100% respectively after 18 months period of observation. Conclusion: The overall success rates of ZnO-ozonated oil, vitapex and modified 3Mix antibiotic paste were comparable.

Comparative evaluation of caries status in primary and permanent molars in 7–8-year-old schoolchildren of shimla using caries assessment spectrum and treatment index

Background: A new epidemiological index is introduced for full assessment of dental caries which is known as caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST). “Spectrum” is considered backbone of this index as it covers from no lesion to advanced stage progression of caries. We aimed to evaluate and compare the status of caries in primary and permanent molars of 7–8-year-old schoolchildren of Shimla using CAST index and to find if any correlation exists between the status of caries in evaluated teeth. Methods: Three hundred and one schoolchildren with age group of 7–8 years were selected from schools in Shimla. CAST codes were determined for primary molars and first permanent molars. The distribution of CAST codes in the examined molars is correlated with the help of Spearmans rank correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance was established at P< 0.05. The intraexaminer reliability was determined by the unweighted kappa coefficient. Results: Caries was assessed in 6.3%–12.3% of the permanent molars in contrast to primary molars, in which caries was near about 50%. The correlation was stronger for first and second deciduous molars for the right side of the mouth than the left side (r = 0.293 and 0.257 in the maxilla and 0.503 and 0.319 in the mandible [P < 0.001], respectively, while correlation for teeth in opposite jaws was moderate [r = 0.20–0.47]). The intraexaminer reliability was examined (k = 0.90 for the primary and 0.85 for permanent molars). Conclusion: The correlation between primary and permanent molars regarding the caries status in primary molars is weak while strongest correlation was present on the right side of the mouth for first and second deciduous molars. The study also showed the applicability of the CAST index in epidemiological surveys.

Assessment of child behavior in dental operatory in relation to sociodemographic factors, general anxiety, body mass index and role of multi media distraction

Background and Objectives: Children and adolescents comprise a group of individuals representing a large variation in size, competence, maturity, personality, temperament and emotions experience, oral health, family background, culture, etc. Furthermore, a growing child is in a constant state of flux as he grows up and actively interacts with the environment. Many factors contribute to the dental behavior of the child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors, general anxiety, body mass index (BMI), and role of multimedia on the child behavior (CB) in the dental operatory. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and one children aged 3-14 years and their parents participated in the study. In the first visit, the questionnaire was filled by the parent and general examination was done. During the second visit, the required dental procedure was rendered, and the behavior was recorded by a single examiner. Results: Among sociodemographic factors, increasing age is directly related to child′s positive behavior, whereas other factors such as gender and socioeconomic status (SES) are not significantly related. General anxiety significantly affects the child′s behavior. BMI of the child is not related to child′s behavior in dental operatory. Multimedia was not found to be significantly affecting the behavior of the child in dental operatory. Interpretations and Conclusion: The principle conclusion of this study is that there is a significant association of age and treatment procedure rendered with the CB in the dental operatory whereas gender, SES, general anxiety, BMI, and multimedia do not show any significant association with the CB in the dental operatory.